Abstract
Post-harvest management of contaminated phytoremediation byproducts for combating the problem of heavy metal contamination is of utmost significance in recent years. Soil fertility is greatly affected by expensive conventional remedial technologies and subsequently causes negative impacts on the ecosystem. Phytoremediation proved to be a cost effective, environment friendly and aesthetically pleasing approach which is most suitable for developing countries. In spite of these benefits phytoremediation technique contributes huge quantities of contaminated materials to the environment and creates further pollution problems. Post-harvest management of these byproducts through advanced techniques like composting and compaction, combustion and gasification, phytomining and pyrolysis is essential. A lot of contaminated biomass is produced during phytoremediation processes, which uses high biomass weeds. So it needs proper disposal and management to restrict the passage of contaminants into the food chain. The high biomass plant selected for phytoremediation should be non-edible, disease resistant and tolerant plants, which can provide renewable energy. Post-harvest management of phytoremediation technique is an alternative for biomass to biofuel conversion. This enhances the practicability of phytoremediation technology. Postharvest strategies are essential with preharvest approaches for developing a sustainable phytoremediation technology.
Highlights
Toxic discharges from industries lead to several detrimental effects on human health and environment [1]
According to the 2008 Ministry of Mines estimates: 'India has stepped up its production to reach the second rank among the chromite producers of the world
Hetland et al [9] reported possibility of co-firing plant biomass with coal, the results suggested that ashing reduced the mass of lead contaminated plant material by over 90% and partitioned lead into ash
Summary
Toxic discharges from industries lead to several detrimental effects on human health and environment [1]. Accumulation of huge quantities of hazardous and contaminated biomass is the consequent step after phytoextraction mechanism. This hazardous biomass should be stored or disposed appropriately so that it does not pose any risk to the environment. Hetland et al [9] showed that composting can significantly reduce the volume of harvested biomass from phytoremediation technology; metal contaminated plant biomass would still require treatment prior to disposal. Mining throws sulphide-containing minerals into the air, where they oxidize and react with water to form sulphuric acid. This together with various trace elements impacts groundwater, both from the surface and underground mines. For example, extract ore that contains less than 1% copper
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