Post-thyroidectomy hematoma and hypocalcemia as separate complications: risk factors and management—a systematic review and meta-analysis

This study investigated whether the disclosure in accounting reports of information on risk and its management affects, at the margin, firm valuations in the Brazilian capital market. It questioned the existence of value relevance in the disclosure of information related to risk factors and risk management structures. The importance of the topic arises from the documentation that disclosure on risk factors plays a statistically significant role in valuing firms in a context marked by economic and political uncertainty, as is the case of the Brazilian market. The findings confirmed that information about risk shows informational relevance for firm valuations. Information on risk management in a firm, in turn, was not shown to be significant in terms of affecting company share valuations. The investigation of detailed reports with different risk factors indicated that individualized information shows different degrees of relevance for company valuations. It is inferred that the disclosure of risk factors affects the perception of investors, who also base their estimates of return on the availability and detail of such information. It is also observed that information on risk management structure was not shown to be value relevant; moreover, few firms published information on the establishment of this type of entity in their management structures. The residual income valuation (RIV) model (Ohlson, 1995) was applied using regressions with panel data estimation related to the three years covering 2012 to 2014. The sample, which was randomly delimited, was formed of 100 companies. The data on disclosure of risk and disclosure of risk management were collected from the companies’ Reference Forms, available from the website of the São Paulo Stock, Commodities, and Futures Exchange (BM&FBOVESPA). As an impact on the area of knowledge, broader discussions are expected regarding the utility of disclosure on the topic related to risk factors and the existence of a specific body responsible for risk management in firms, according to investors’ perceptions. It also contributes by providing evidence about the quality of disclosure related to risk (factors and management) and the perception of the capital market regarding the informativeness and relevance of such elements.

This study evaluated the impact of structured training in evidence-based risk assessment for suicide. Forty-five psychiatry and psychology trainees participated in a workshop on evidence-based risk assessment. A comparison group of ten psychiatry trainees participated in a different workshop on the application of evidence-based medicine to psychiatry that was not focused specifically on risk assessment. Before and after each workshop, participants rated their skills in assessing patients' risk of suicide and wrote progress notes regarding clinical vignettes that included the assessment of and plan regarding suicide risk. Researchers systematically rated the progress notes. Participation in risk assessment training predicted improvement on specific indicators of documentation quality, ratings of the overall quality of documentation of suicide risk, and self-rated competence in suicide risk assessment. Structured clinical training in evidence-based risk assessment can improve documentation of assessment and management of patients' risk of suicide.

Best practices are recommended for assessing risk of violence and utilizing those findings to communicate with other mental health providers to manage the potential for violence as clients are transferred or referred. These recommendations are the fruition of a five-year collaboration of the Forensic Risk Assessment Work Group of the Ohio Department of Mental Health's statewide Forensic Product Line Leadership Team. Accurate assessment of static and dynamic risk factors, effective communication of risk of violence, incorporation of dynamic risk factors into the treatment planning process, and implementation of evidence-based risk-management practices are all emphasized as best practices.

Suicide Risk: Navigating the Failure Modes

Keywords: risk management framework; risk assessment; cloud migration; security; analytic hierarchy process (AHP); business value

BackgroundPrevious reviews on risk and protective factors for violence in psychosis have produced contrasting findings. There is therefore a need to clarify the direction and strength of association of risk and protective factors for violent outcomes in individuals with psychosis.MethodWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using 6 electronic databases (CINAHL, EBSCO, EMBASE, Global Health, PsycINFO, PUBMED) and Google Scholar. Studies were identified that reported factors associated with violence in adults diagnosed, using DSM or ICD criteria, with schizophrenia and other psychoses. We considered non-English language studies and dissertations. Risk and protective factors were meta-analysed if reported in three or more primary studies. Meta-regression examined sources of heterogeneity. A novel meta-epidemiological approach was used to group similar risk factors into one of 10 domains. Sub-group analyses were then used to investigate whether risk domains differed for studies reporting severe violence (rather than aggression or hostility) and studies based in inpatient (rather than outpatient) settings.FindingsThere were 110 eligible studies reporting on 45,533 individuals, 8,439 (18.5%) of whom were violent. A total of 39,995 (87.8%) were diagnosed with schizophrenia, 209 (0.4%) were diagnosed with bipolar disorder, and 5,329 (11.8%) were diagnosed with other psychoses. Dynamic (or modifiable) risk factors included hostile behaviour, recent drug misuse, non-adherence with psychological therapies (p values<0.001), higher poor impulse control scores, recent substance misuse, recent alcohol misuse (p values<0.01), and non-adherence with medication (p value <0.05). We also examined a number of static factors, the strongest of which were criminal history factors. When restricting outcomes to severe violence, these associations did not change materially. In studies investigating inpatient violence, associations differed in strength but not direction.ConclusionCertain dynamic risk factors are strongly associated with increased violence risk in individuals with psychosis and their role in risk assessment and management warrants further examination.

Introduction- Oil and Gas Pipelines (OGPs) are a safe and economical mode of transportation of petroleum products around the world. However, they face different types of challenging Risk Factors (RFs) that affect the safety of the OGP projects at planning, construction and operational stages. Moreover, the OGP projects often suffer from the risks associated with Third-Party Disruption (TPD) such as terrorism and sabotage attacks, which make the pipelines vulnerable and add complexity in managing the RFs and safety threats to OGPs in developing countries with low levels of security. Problem - After an in-depth review of the literature about the existing risk management approaches in OGP projects, it was found that these approaches have the following limitations. (I) Most are designed at the local scale and focus on certain types of RFs, so they are not applicable in OGP projects elsewhere. (II) They are not effective in mitigating the RFs in OGP projects when the data and records about them are scarce particularly in developing countries, where the documentation is poor. (III) Building new pipelines without analysing the potential level of risk in the potential routes at the planning stage could result in vital safety consequences in the future with supply chain disruption and loss of big investment. (IV) There is a lack of awareness about the potential impact on project delivery when developing new OGP projects without a an appropriate analysis of the RFs. The literature review concludes that there is a need for a logical and integrated risk assessment approach for the RFs relevant to OGP projects, specifically, the safety RFs relevant to TPD because they have not been accurately analysed in the past. Moreover, these approaches are mainly focusing on managing the associated RFs at the operational stage of OGP projects. However, managing the RFs during the entire project’s life makes risk management more comprehensive and effective. Finally, the literature revealed that there is a lack of effective Risk Mitigation Method (RMM) suggestions to mitigate the RFs in OGP projects because the RMMs have not been analysed with regard to their degree of effectiveness in past projects. Aim and Objectives- This study aims to design an integrated Risk Management Framework (RMF) for OGP projects. The objectives are (I) identity, analyse and rank the RFs in OGP projects; (II) select safest pipeline routes/alignments for the new projects; (III) identify and recommend the effective RMMs in the projects; and (IV) quantify the impact of the recorded RFs on a project’s duration and forecast the probability of the project’s delivery on time. Originality- The novel idea in this research is to develop an RMF which enables users to deal with all the types of RFs in the projects on one platform. The RMF will contribute in providing a wide range of knowledge about the RFs and RMMs in OGP projects. And also, it will enhance the reliability of the results of RFs analysis by analysing them based on the findings of the literature review and the results of an industrial survey, the application of fuzzy theory and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). Method- A mixed approach was used to collect and analyse the research data for the design of an integrated RMF using the following steps (I) A comprehensive literature review, an industrial survey and the fuzzy logic theory integrated within MATLAB software were used to identify and analyse the critical RFs and RMMs in OGP projects. (II) A risk optimisation method was used to select the safest route/alignment for a new project based on risk levels in the potential routes/alignments. (III) The findings from the survey were used to identify and recommend the effective RMMs to mitigate the potential RFs in the projects. (IV) MCS integrated within ASTA and @Risk programs were used to analyse and quantify the delay impact of the RFs in OGP projects. Results- The study recognised 30 common RFs and 12 RMMs in OGP projects based on the literature review. The survey results revealed that TPD RFs such as terrorism, sabotage and theft are the most critical RFs in OGPs particularly in Iraq, whereas anti-corrosion measures, laying the pipes underground, and advanced monitoring system of the RFs are the most effective RMMs. The developed RMF was used to optimise the risk level in the routes suggested to build a new pipeline project in the south of Iraq. It was found that route number 4 (from Badra field to Basra via, Bazirgan, Gharraf–An Nassiriyah and Zubair) is the safest route for this OGP project. In addition, the average project delay caused by the associated RFs within the project was found to be 15-18 days when using ASTA risk simulator but 45 days when using @Risk Simulator. Contribution and Value- This study is the first research related to making a comprehensive study for the OGP projects in Iraq to develop an integrated RMF. It was concluded that the developed RMF is a useful risk assessment tool that could be used by the stakeholders and academics for understanding, identifying and ranking the RFs in OGP projects, selecting the safest pipeline routes/alignments for the new projects, and quantifying the delay impact caused by RFs in OGP projects.

Letter to the editor. Healthcare workers on the edge of sanity due to COVID-19: Rapid review of the results of systematic reviews and meta-analyzes

Cardiovascular disease prevention: Risk factor modification at the heart of the matter

Purpose: The risks and uncertainties of construction projects have the potential to cause damage to construction projects. Risk analysis and management are the main features of construction project management to effectively deal with uncertainties and unexpected events to achieve project success.&#x0D; Design/methodology/approach: Some pertinent risk variables for each classification are six internal, four project risk factors, and four external. Researchers detected 14 external risk factor reasons, 36 internal risk factor causes, 16 project factor causes, and 36 external risk factor causes.&#x0D; Findings: Researchers suggest project risk management through this study by implementing overall risk management. A properly executed project plan and identified risks as early as possible at a later stage turn into success. Managing risks does not mean avoiding them but identifying them correctly to determine all associated opportunities and hazards for project success.&#x0D; Research limitations/implications: A good risk management approach anticipates the risk of building failure. It can happen in residential infrastructure projects. The first step in risk management is to study the risk factors for the loss of residential infrastructure buildings. Following an analysis, the project manager generates recommendations or plans for risk reduction in response to the primary risks in infrastructure projects.&#x0D; Originality/value: This paper is original&#x0D; Paper type: Research paper

Rise in oral cancer risk factors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic mandates a more diligent approach to oral cancer screening and treatment

Project risk management provides a guideline for decision making in new product development (NPD) projects, reducing uncertainty and increasing success rate. However, the acceptance of formal risk management applications in industry, especially for NPD projects is still in question. A study of a food conglomerate in Thailand found that only 9% of NPD projects used a systematic approach for managing risk. 61% of the projects realised the importance of risk management, while the remaining 30% did not involve risk management at all. This study aims to develop a risk management model for NPD projects in the food industry. The first section of this paper reviews the literature on risk management theory, including international standards for risk and project management (ISO31000 and ISO21500), publications for the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK), by a professional organisation the Project Management Institute (PMI), and also academic research. 182 academic papers, published between January 2002 and August 2012 were selected. The second part interviews conducted with eight NPD experts from five of the major food manufacturers in Thailand to examine their risk management practices and problems. Conclusions are made on five topics : classification of research method, project type and industrial segment, distribution of articles by region, tools & techniques for risk management and risk factors in projects. Specific requirements of risk management for NPD projects in the food industry are identified. A risk management model and the concept of risk management applications for the food industry are proposed.

Risk management in translation service companies is an effective, integrative, proactive way to handle risk. Such companies must integrate defined long-term risk management into their strategies, decision-making, and daily processes; top-management must fully support the risk management system; risk factors, management benefits, and processes require articulation amongst employees; job roles, responsibilities, performance evaluation, and motivation systems must incorporate risk management practices. Risk management in project-based companies might also account for changing clients’ requirements, tight deadlines and budgets, different participants, and high IT use. However, this requires identifying the critical success factors. The research method builds upon the analysis and systemization of the scientific literature – from risk management, emphasizing the underlying strategic approach and effective management, to deriving the focal-points of effective risk management of translation projects. This work unifies the gathered knowledge and results in a conceptual model that integrates the specific assessment criteria for project risk management in translation companies – process definiteness and versatility, responsibility definiteness, top-management involvement, and risk management communication. The operationalisation of the model may lead to the companies’ critical success performance. To the best of our knowledge, this work is one of the first contributions addressing risk management assessment criteria in this industry.

The Framingham Heart Study has contributed importantly to understanding of the causes of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases. Framingham research has helped define the quantitative and additive nature of these causes or, as they are now called, “cardiovascular risk factors.”1 The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)2 3 has made extensive use of Framingham data in developing its strategy for preventing CHD by controlling high cholesterol levels. The NCEP guidelines2 3 adjust the intensity of cholesterol-lowering therapy with absolute risk as determined by summation of risk factors. The National High Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP) has set forth a parallel approach for blood pressure control. In contrast to the NCEP,2 however, earlier NHBPEP reports issued through the Joint National Committee4 did not match the intensity of therapy to absolute risk for CHD. “Normalization” of blood pressure is the essential goal of therapy regardless of risk status. Blood pressure–lowering therapy is carried out as much for prevention of stroke and other cardiovascular complications as for reduction of CHD risk. Nonetheless, risk assessment could be important for making decisions about type and intensity of therapy for hypertension. Thus, the most recent Joint National Committee report5 gives more attention to risk stratification for adjustment of therapy for hypertension. Although Framingham data have already been influential in the development of national guidelines for risk factor management, the opportunity may exist for both cholesterol and blood pressure programs to draw more extensively from Framingham results when formulating improved risk assessment guidelines and recommending more specific strategies for risk factor modification. The American Heart Association has previously used Framingham risk factor data to prepare charts for estimating CHD risk. Framingham investigators of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute prepared the original charts and have now revised …

Recognizing Pregnancy-Associated Cardiovascular Risk Factors