Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most prevalent and powerful risk factors or cardiovascular disease. Additionally, several beneficial cardiovascular adaptations are related to physical activity. However, there is a gap of knowledge about the influence of water-based exercise on post exercise hypotension response (PEH) in hypertensive older people. PURPOSE: Evaluate the effect of water-ergometry exercise on PEH compared to land exercise session in normotensive, treated and untreated hypertensive subjects. METHODS: Forty Five older women were evaluated and shared in three groups: normotensive (N, n=10), treated hypertensive (TH, n=15) and untreated hypertensive (UH, n=20). The physical exercise acute session protocol was performed at 75% VO2 for 45 minutes. After exercise session systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean (MBP) blood pressure were evaluated at 15, 30 45, 60, 75 and 90 minutes after exercise. The heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed by R-R intervals on time and frequency domain at the low- frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF). The LF/HF ratio were evaluated to determine the autonomic balance. RESULTS: We found decrease in SBP (N:-8 ± 2; TH: -11 ± 2; UT: -43 ± 12; mmHg), DBP (N:-6 ± 5; TH: -8 ± 4; UT: -29 ± 12; mmHg) and MBP (N:-8 ± 3; TH:-11 ± 3;UT: -35 ± 8; mmHg) after exercise, with higher magnitude in water than on land exercise for all groups. The comparison of % changes after both effort indicated effectiveness of water-ergometry than land-ergometry to SBP (N: -4 ± 2 vs -8 ± 3, TH: -4 ± 2 vs -11 ± 3, UT: -36 ±3 vs -42 ± 3; %) and MBP (N: -3 ± 2 vs-11 ± 3, TH: -7 ± 2 vs -12 ± 2, UT: -25 ± 2 vs -35 ± 2; %) for all groups. No difference was found on any HRV parameters indicating no participation of sympathetic or parasympathetic modulation on PEH. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrated that water-ergometry exercise was able to induce expressive PEH in older normotensive, hypertensive treated and hypertensive subjects compared to on land conventional ergometry exercises without alteration on autonomic modulation.
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