Abstract
The novel coronavirus outbreak has become a global health emergency. The common symptoms of COVID-19 disease which have affected a large population are common cold, fatigue, headache and fever. However, complications such as multiple organ failure, acute respiratory syndrome and septic shock are seen in about 5% of patients with persisting severe symptoms and post-COVID syndrome. The COVID-19 acute kidney injury in patients displays damage in the kidney, proteinuria, hematuria and elevated serum creatinine. The symptoms of acute kidney injury vary from mild to severe, which necessitates proper clinical management and renal replacement therapy (RRT). Therefore, it is necessary to understand the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury involving infiltrated immune cells, thrombosis, and cytokine regulation. There is no definite treatment for acute kidney injury; the strategy for preventing the complications will only come through clinical experience. Therefore, more studies are needed for the proper understanding of the disease etiology in acute kidney injury patients with COVID-19. New strategies, International collaboration and multi-disciplinary research are needed to be implemented for the proper management.
Highlights
Ever since the severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the resultant COVID-19 disease were first reported in the Wuhan province of China, it has emerged to be a global pandemic with more than 210 million cases and more than 4.49 million deaths as of August 24, 2021
Information on secondary infections as the consequence of COVID-19 showed an alarming figure of patients developing acute kidney injury (AKI) [3]
Pathophysiology of AKI Post COVID-19 complications and their manifestation as kidney disease can be attributed to various factors such as sepsis, nephrotoxicity, and hypovolemia along with cardiovascular comorbidity (Figure 2) [23]
Summary
Introduction Ever since the severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the resultant COVID-19 disease were first reported in the Wuhan province of China, it has emerged to be a global pandemic with more than 210 million cases and more than 4.49 million deaths as of August 24, 2021. Information on secondary infections as the consequence of COVID-19 showed an alarming figure of patients developing acute kidney injury (AKI) [3]. Reports from Italy and China showed the incidence rate of AKI due to COVID-19 in a wide range of 0.5-29%, with most of the patients on the lower side of the range [4,5,6].
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