Post-2015 health goals: could country-specific targets supplement global ones?

Building resilient societies after COVID-19: the case for investing in maternal, neonatal, and child health

Addressing Gaps in Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Health for Achieving SDG 2030 in West Africa.

Maternal underweight and child growth and development

Periconception care of the infertile patient: Are we doing enough?

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Maternal anaemia and risk of mortality: a call for action

BackgroundMaternal and neonatal mortality is high in South Asia. Recent studies have identified factors such as adolescent female fertility, healthcare spending is reducing maternal and neonatal mortality. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of adolescent female fertility and healthcare spending on maternal and neonatal mortality in South Asian countries.MethodsA retrospective panel study design was used, a total of 8 South Asian countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka) data from World development indicator 1990–2020 considered for analysis. Descriptive statistical method was used for summary. The effect of adolescent female fertility and healthcare spending on maternal and neonatal mortality were analysed using fixed and random effect regression with multiple imputation.FindingsAdolescent female fertility, maternal, and neonatal mortality is very high in the aforementioned countries, and considerably varies among countries. A significant relationship between the maternal mortality and healthcare spending, neonatal mortality and adolescent female fertility was observed. We found neonatal and maternal mortality are more likely to decrease depends on healthcare spending. Healthcare spending has a significantly negative effect on neonatal mortality (− 0.182, 95% CI: [− 0.295 to −.069]; P-value < 0.01) and maternal mortality (− 0.169, 95% CI: [− 0.243 to − 0.028]; P-value < 0.05). A change in 1 % increases in healthcare spending should decrease by 0.182 neonatal mortality per 1000 live births and maternal mortality by 0.169 per 100,000 live births.ConclusionsIn south Asian countries, increasing healthcare spending and decreasing adolescent female fertility may contribute to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality. In addition, number of service providers such as physicians supplied contributed to the decline of neonatal mortality. These findings have important implications for future improvement of healthcare spending in maternal and neonatal health programs.

Enhancing, and protecting, maternal and neonatal health care

Background: Maternal and neonatal mortality is high in south Asia. Adolescent female fertility and healthcare spending are an important factor to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality. Objectives: The main objective of this study was used to examine the effect of adolescent female fertility and healthcare spending on maternal and neonatal mortality in south Asian countries. Methods: Using a retrospective panel study design, a total of 8 south Asian countries data from world development indicator 1990-2017 were analyzed. Descriptive statistics is used for summary measure and fixed and random effect regression using multiple imputations estimated with relevant variables of adolescent female fertility, healthcare spending, physician, and adult female literacy rate. Findings: Increasing adolescent female fertility significantly positive effect on neonatal and maternal mortality. We found neonatal and maternal mortality are more likely to decrease depends on healthcare spending. A change in the healthcare spending has a significantly negative effect on neonatal mortality (-0.125, 95% CI: [-0.208 to -.042; P-value < 0.001), that is one percent increases in healthcare spending should decrease by 0.125 neonatal mortality and maternal mortality by 0.163 (95% CI: [-0.301 to -0.026]; P-value < 0.001). Conclusions: Maternal and neonatal mortality could reduce through increase of healthcare spending and decreasing of adolescent female fertility in south Asian countries. Expansion of maternal and new-born health programs should consider that decreasing female fertility and increasing healthcare spending has potential to improve maternal and neonatal health.

Annual rates of decline in child, maternal, HIV, and tuberculosis mortality across 109 countries of low and middle income from 1990 to 2013: an assessment of the feasibility of post-2015 goals.

The Government of India is committed to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Agenda 2030 consisting of 17 goals and 169 targets, span­ning the three dimensions of economic, social and environmental development. Since the Government of India is the biggest entity with the most resources to ensure achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and targets that have been set, the legal and policy framework already in place in the country has to be critically reviewed to see how capable it is of achieving the SDGs and identify the gaps and challenges, if any, for rectification. In this context, the basic objective of the present paper is to review the efforts made by the Government of India for the development of health facilities throughout the country in order to achieve the targets of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), to examine the trends in the annual compound reduction rates in the selected Maternal and Child Mortality Rates in India during the first 7/8 years of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDP) period, project the Maternal and Child Mortality Rates based on the existing annual compound reduction rates up to the target year of 2030 and then compare the projected values of selected Maternal and Child Mortality Rates with the SDG targets fixed for achievement by 2030. The paper found that the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) has the annual compound reduction rate of 6.4%, Under 5 Mortality Rate (U5MR) has the annual compound reduction rate of 5.0%, Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) has the annual compound reduction rate of 4.9% and Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) has the annual compound reduction rate of 4.3% in India during the period between 2015 and 2021/2022. By assuming that the Government of India will continue its efforts to maintain the existing annual compound reduction rates in the Maternal and Child Mortality Rates during the remaining period of Sustainable Development Goals, the paper has projected that India is on the track of achieving the SDG targets of MMR at 70/lakh live births by 2025 (5 years before the target year), U5MR at 25/thousand live births by 2026 (4 years before the target year), IMR at 20/thousand live births by 2027 (3 years before the target year) and NMR at 12/thousand live births by the target year 2030.

The present review was intended to explore the effectiveness of perinatal services such as antenatal care (ANC) and post-natal care (PNC) on the health indicators such as maternal, child and neonatal mortality. Globally, indicators are considered very important in determining the health status and the overall performance of a country's healthcare system. A literature search was conducted using maternal mortality, child mortality, neonatal mortality, ANC and PNC in the PubMed, Google, Academia, The Lancet and Journal of the American Medical Association databases. Globally, implementing integrated perinatal care services has brought positive changes in the maternal, child and neonatal mortality indices. The United Nations (UN) is committed to improving the overall living conditions in all countries, significantly improving the population's health status. The UN came up with eight Millennium Development Goals in 2000, aiming to eliminate poverty and increase development in member states. The World Health Organization was a partner in implementing these goals. Later, the UN introduced 17-fold Sustainable Development Goals in 2015 as a blueprint for peace and prosperity for all citizens towards a better future by 2030. As a result, many countries have experienced positive changes in most indicator areas, including service utilisation, maternal mortality and child mortality. Some Sub-Saharan African and South Asian countries are progressing, however, slowly.

Progress towards Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 on maternal and child mortality: an updated systematic analysis

Reducing Maternal and Perinatal Mortality Through a Community Collaborative Approach: Introduction to a Special Issue on the Maternal and Newborn Health in Ethiopia Partnership (MaNHEP)

SummaryBackgroundDuring the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) era, many countries in Africa achieved marked reductions in under-5 and neonatal mortality. Yet the pace of progress toward these goals substantially varied at the national level, demonstrating an essential need for tracking even more local trends in child mortality. With the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, which established ambitious targets for improving child survival by 2030, optimal intervention planning and targeting will require understanding of trends and rates of progress at a higher spatial resolution. In this study, we aimed to generate high-resolution estimates of under-5 and neonatal all-cause mortality across 46 countries in Africa.MethodsWe assembled 235 geographically resolved household survey and census data sources on child deaths to produce estimates of under-5 and neonatal mortality at a resolution of 5 × 5 km grid cells across 46 African countries for 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. We used a Bayesian geostatistical analytical framework to generate these estimates, and implemented predictive validity tests. In addition to reporting 5 × 5 km estimates, we also aggregated results obtained from these estimates into three different levels—national, and subnational administrative levels 1 and 2—to provide the full range of geospatial resolution that local, national, and global decision makers might require.FindingsAmid improving child survival in Africa, there was substantial heterogeneity in absolute levels of under-5 and neonatal mortality in 2015, as well as the annualised rates of decline achieved from 2000 to 2015. Subnational areas in countries such as Botswana, Rwanda, and Ethiopia recorded some of the largest decreases in child mortality rates since 2000, positioning them well to achieve SDG targets by 2030 or earlier. Yet these places were the exception for Africa, since many areas, particularly in central and western Africa, must reduce under-5 mortality rates by at least 8·8% per year, between 2015 and 2030, to achieve the SDG 3.2 target for under-5 mortality by 2030.InterpretationIn the absence of unprecedented political commitment, financial support, and medical advances, the viability of SDG 3.2 achievement in Africa is precarious at best. By producing under-5 and neonatal mortality rates at multiple levels of geospatial resolution over time, this study provides key information for decision makers to target interventions at populations in the greatest need. In an era when precision public health increasingly has the potential to transform the design, implementation, and impact of health programmes, our 5 × 5 km estimates of child mortality in Africa provide a baseline against which local, national, and global stakeholders can map the pathways for ending preventable child deaths by 2030.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.