Abstract
Understanding the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has led to the successful development of molecule-targeted drugs for the treatment of RA. However, some RA patients are refractory to these treatments, suggesting that the pathological mechanism of the disease is not entirely understood. Genome and transcriptome analysis is essential for understanding the unknown pathophysiology of human diseases. Rapid and more comprehensive gene analysis technologies have revealed notable changes in the expression of coding RNA and non-coding RNA in RA patients. This review focuses on the current state of non-coding RNA research in relation to RA, especially on tRNA fragments. Interestingly, it has been found that tRNA fragments repress translation and are antiapoptotic. The association between tRNA fragments and various diseases has been studied, and this article reviews the possible role of tRNA fragments in RA.
Highlights
Understanding the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has led to the successful development of molecule-targeted drugs for the treatment of RA
This review describes the current state of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) research in relation to RA, focusing on tRNA fragments and their relevance to RA pathophysiology
Since inflammatory cytokines are established therapeutic targets for RA, elucidating the association between cytokines and tRNA-Derived Stress-Induced Small RNAs (tiRNA) activity will prove the importance of tiRNA in the disease
Summary
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by inflammatory changes in the synovial tissue and the destruction of the bone and cartilage in the joints. Studies assessing changes in the transcriptome before and after a treatment have revealed the genes whose expression needs to be regulated to achieve remission [16,17]. These studies corroborate our knowledge of RA, clarify the mechanism of action of therapeutic agents, and sometimes reveal unknown pathophysiological features of RA [18]. These ncRNAs are associated with many diseases and are integrated into more complex networks While these reports are very interesting, as they provide clues to elucidate the unknown pathological mechanism of RA, it is challenging to identify specific ncRNAs that can be useful as therapeutic targets. TiRNAs have the potential to be important players in RA pathophysiology
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