Abstract
Cancer is the second death causing disease worldwide after cardiovascular abnormalities. The difficulty in treating tumor cells with more precise targeted interventions and recurrence of cancer after treatment may pose great difficulty in developing sustainable therapeutic regimens. These limitations have prompted the need to explore several compounds with ability to cease tumor growth while at the same time induce apoptosis of tumor cells. Several studies have emphasized the use of natural compounds as antitumor agents due to their high efficacy against cancer cells and low toxicity in normal cells. Salvianolic acid B (SAB), a naturally occurring phenolic compound extracted from the radix of Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza can induce apoptosis in different types of tumor cells. It can be used to treat cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, hepatic fibrosis, and cancers. Several studies have shown that SAB can mitigate tumorigenesis by modulating MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and NF-ĸB signaling pathways. It also sensitizes the tumor cells to different anti-cancer agents by reversing the multi-drug resistance mechanisms found in tumor cells. This review summarizes the studies showing antitumor potential of SAB in different types of cancer cell lines, animal models and highlights the possible mechanisms through which SAB can induce apoptosis, inhibit growth and metastasis in tumor cells. Moreover, the possible role of nano-technological approaches to induce targeted delivery of SAB to eradicate tumor cells has been also discussed.
Highlights
A report published by World Health Organization (WHO) has documented that cancer is the second highest cause for death around the world and 70% of deaths because of different cancers have been reported in middle- and low-income countries
The use of natural compounds to treat different types of cancers has a promising future, as these compounds can be effective at doses, which are likely to cause lesser adverse effects
Salvianolic acid B (SAB) provides an alternative to already existing therapies for different typed of cancer due to its ability to target multiple cellular pathways, i.e. MAPK, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, and NF-ĸB to induce apoptosis, inhibit invasion and proliferation of tumor cells
Summary
A report published by World Health Organization (WHO) has documented that cancer is the second highest cause for death around the world and 70% of deaths because of different cancers have been reported in middle- and low-income countries. 40% of the medicines approved by the FDA available in the market have been derived from products obtained from plants, 74% of which are anticancer drugs [24, 25] The research in this field has emphasized on the utilization of undiscovered reservoirs of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, phenolics, and saponins, in order to avoid the harmful side effects of medications used in chemotherapy, to prolong recovery time as well as to boost the quality of life in cancer patients [5, 19, 26, 27]. Using the ultrasound-assisted extraction method, the yield of salvianolic acid B was 33.93 mg/g in S. miltiorrhiza roots higher than those with a conventional refluxing method (28.76 mg/g) [49]
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