Abstract
When comparing with dialysis treatment for end stage renal disease patients, renal transplant proffers significant survival and quality of life benefits. However, all-inclusive rates of transplantation still remain less for those patients who are highly sensitized to human leucocyte antigen due to their previous transplantation, blood transfusions or pregnancy. The approach to such highly sensitized renal transplant candidates has emerged substantially over the last decade. These approaches include (I) different combinations of IVIg, rituximab, plasma exchange, bortezomib, tocilizumab, belimumab, eculizumab (II) pair donor exchange (III) deceased donor allocation system.
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