Abstract

The move toward pure managed-code environments is held back by the vast amount of legacy software available only as statically compiled binaries for some legacy instruction set architecture (ISA). Catering to this legacy software requires all sorts of compromises, from the necessity of providing backward compatibility with dated instruction sets to the need for unsatisfactory mixed-mode environments, in which the legacy code runs besides (rather than on top of) the managed code platform. We have been investigating strategies for running legacy binaries on top of, rather than besides, a managed code platform, by virtualizing the legacy ISA. Our system upcompiles low-level machine code to high-level Java code, which can then be executed on any Java Virtual Machine (JVM). On JVMs that have a just-in-time compiler, our generated JVM bytecode is subsequently downcompiled again into the native code of the host machine (which may be identical or different from the starting ISA). Despite executing on top of the Java Virtual Machine, our system delivers performance comparable to commercial-strength dynamic translators such as QEMU that directly generate platform-dependant machine code.

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