Abstract
BackgroundSo far, three porcine hemoplasmas (PH) have been identified, namely Mycoplasma suis, Mycoplasma parvum, and Mycoplasma haemosuis. The first one is the main agent associated with porcine hemoplasmosis, a possible cause of economic losses in pig production. Thus, this work aimed to detect and quantify PH 16S rRNA in finishing pigs and to associate its load estimate with average daily weight gain (ADWG). For this purpose, whole blood samples from 318 pigs were collected at an age of 75 days (d0) when the pigs entered the finishing phase and 105 days later (d105). To calculate ADWG, the animals were weighed at the abovementioned dates. Then, DNA from blood samples were submitted to a qPCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene for PH. Spearman correlation test was performed to investigate potential associations between ADWG and the quantification values. Lastly, the molecular characterization of PH was done by sequencing the 23S rDNA gene.ResultsOut of the 318 samples, 190 (59.74%) were positive on d0, and 304 (95.6%) were positive on d105. A significant correlation was observed (p < 0.05), albeit with a low coefficient value (0.18), when comparing ADWG with quantification values on d105. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 23S rDNA gene showed that four sequences were closely related to M. parvum, and one sequence was positioned in the M. suis cluster.ConclusionTwo PH, M. suis and M. parvum, were detected in a Brazilian pig farm. Moreover, increasing occurrence through time was observed, which may have affected the productive performance of positive animals, mainly at the end of the finishing phase, when antimicrobials are removed.
Highlights
Three porcine hemoplasmas (PH) have been identified, namely Mycoplasma suis, Mycoplasma parvum, and Mycoplasma haemosuis
Out of the 318 samples, 190 (59.75%) were positive for PHs by the Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay on d0, and 304 (95.60%) were positive on d105
Cycle quantification values ranged from 19.17 to 39.94 on d0, and the Starting quantification (SQ) mean values ranged from 1.07 × 100 to 4.30 × 106 PH 16S 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) copies/μL
Summary
Three porcine hemoplasmas (PH) have been identified, namely Mycoplasma suis, Mycoplasma parvum, and Mycoplasma haemosuis. This work aimed to detect and quantify PH 16S rRNA in finishing pigs and to associate its load estimate with average daily weight gain (ADWG). For this purpose, whole blood samples from 318 pigs were collected at an age of 75 days (d0) when the pigs entered the finishing phase and 105 days later (d105). While the first is mostly associated with M. suis infection and characterized by severe anemia, jaundice, fever, gangrenous ear necrosis, enteritis, hypoglycemia and possible death, the chronic form of the disease seemns to be more common [7]. PH infection in pigs may range from asymptomatic to growth retardation, poor reproductive performance, mild anemia, fever, skin lesions, and immunosuppression [3, 9, 27, 28]
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