Abstract
Problem statement: The present work was attempted to evaluate the probiotic activity of Bacillus spp. in shrimp health management. Approach: Penaeid culture ecosystem as a confined environment with huge inputs always encourages the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria like Vibrios. Results: From the present study and earlier reports it is understood that these pathogens alone or combine with virus especially White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) lead to sudden disease outbreaks and mortality. However the unwarranted and unwanted usage of antibiotics causes negative impacts rather than controlling diseases. Conclusion: Based on this, it is concluded that application of suitable and effective probiotics (Bacillus) will certainly reduce population of pathogens and provide a congenial pond environment for shrimp culture. However, this could be achieved by the effective usage of commercially available probiotics for maintaining good pond environment.
Highlights
Bacteria and virus play a major role in shrimp culture ecosystem
The result clearly illustrates the able to observe the population of vibrios as 104 Colony Forming Units (CFU) g−1 increasing trend of Bacillus load towards days of in brackish water area used for shrimp culture
The load of V.paraheamolyticus was coming down. This was totally contrast to the results obtained in the Pond A that was not treated with probiotic. It reflects that more population of beneficial bacteria can significantly reduce the pathogenic bacteria in shrimp culture ecosystem
Summary
Bacteria and virus play a major role in shrimp culture ecosystem. bacteria have dual role as they. Pathogenic and beneficial bacterial population in shrimp culture pond, as a confined environment, is influenced by many factors Factors such as the accumulation of phytoplankton at the water/sediment interphase (Sugita et al, 1998), high stocking density, excess feed (Sharmila et al, 1996), faecal matter, human interference and other inputs (Vaseeharan, 2001) play a major role in the distributing pattern of microbial flora in shrimp culture ecosystem. To find out the population density of pathogenic bacteria (Vibrio parahaemolyticus) and beneficial bacteria (Bacillus spp.) in the water, sediment samples and cultured shrimps in relation with the physico-chemical parameters and days of culture in two ponds of a modified extensive farms and to ascertain the immunomoduling effects of vitamins C and E and β-1,3 glucan on the health status of cultured shrimps
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