Abstract
BackgroundThe Government of Senegal has initiated the “Projet de lutte contre les glossines dans les Niayes” to remove the trypanosomosis problem from this area in a sustainable way. Due to past failures to sustainably eradicate Glossina palpalis gambiensis from the Niayes area, controversies remain as to the best strategy implement, i.e. “eradication” versus “suppression.” To inform this debate, we used population genetics to measure genetic differentiation between G. palpalis gambiensis from the Niayes and those from the southern tsetse belt (Missira).Methodology/Principal FindingsThree different markers (microsatellite DNA, mitochondrial CO1 DNA, and geometric morphometrics of the wings) were used on 153 individuals and revealed that the G. p. gambiensis populations of the Niayes were genetically isolated from the nearest proximate known population of Missira. The genetic differentiation measured between these two areas (θ = 0.12 using microsatellites) was equivalent to a between-taxa differentiation. We also demonstrated that within the Niayes, the population from Dakar – Hann was isolated from the others and had probably experienced a bottleneck.Conclusion/SignificanceThe information presented in this paper leads to the recommendation that an eradication strategy for the Niayes populations is advisable. This kind of study may be repeated in other habitats and for other tsetse species to (i) help decision on appropriate tsetse control strategies and (ii) find other possible discontinuities in tsetse distribution.
Highlights
The Niayes of Senegal harbours the most northern and western population of Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank, which is a major vector of the debilitating diseases Human African Trypanosomosis (HAT) or sleeping sickness, and African Animal Trypanosomosis (AAT) or nagana
There are several strategies and methods that can be used for control, each being more or less efficient depending on several factors
Three different tools were used, and all showed an absence of gene flow between G. p. gambiensis from the Niayes and from the nearest known population in the south east of the country (Missira)
Summary
The Niayes of Senegal harbours the most northern and western population of Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank, which is a major vector of the debilitating diseases Human African Trypanosomosis (HAT) or sleeping sickness, and African Animal Trypanosomosis (AAT) or nagana (reviewed in [1]). Particular meteorological and ecological characteristics of this area provide great potential for agricultural development in general and animal production (cattle, donkeys, horses, small ruminants, pigs and poultry) in particular. Most of these animals are susceptible to AAT which is seriously limiting the development of efficient and productive, sustainable livestock systems. In 2005, the DIREL initiated a control campaign called «Projet de lutte contre les glossines dans les Niayes» with the objective of developing a sustainable solution to the tsetse and trypanosomosis problem in the Niayes. The Government of Senegal has initiated the ‘‘Projet de lutte contre les glossines dans les Niayes’’ to remove the trypanosomosis problem from this area in a sustainable way. Due to past failures to sustainably eradicate Glossina palpalis gambiensis from the Niayes area, controversies remain as to the best strategy implement, i.e. ‘‘eradication’’ versus ‘‘suppression.’’ To inform this debate, we used population genetics to measure genetic differentiation between G. palpalis gambiensis from the Niayes and those from the southern tsetse belt (Missira)
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