POPULATION ASSESSMENT OF JAVAN BELIDA FISH (Notopterus notopterus) IN RAWA PENING LAKE, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA

The striped snakehead (Channa striata Bloch, 1793) is the top predator fish found in Lake Rawa Pening and other freshwaters. Its population was declining due to very high fishing pressures, habitat quality decreases, and other fac-tors. The aim of this study was to examine the condition factor and fecundity of snakehead in Lake Rawa Pening. Fish sampling was carried out monthly from October 2017 to August 2018, using fish fence made from bamboo blinds operated by local fishermen. Total length, individual body weight, stage of gonadal maturity (MS), gonadal weight, and oocytes diameter of fish samples were measured. Fish condition factor, gonado somatic index (GSI), oocyte diameter, fecundity, and the size of first maturity of fish were determined. There were 409 individuals snakehead fish collected consisting of 138 females and 271 males. Fish length ranged from 234-646 mm (males) and 242-648 mm (females). The average of the condition factor (K) of male ranged from 0.778 to 0.923, while in female ranged from 0.826 to 0.929. The relationship between the length-weight of male and female was isometric. The percentage of female snakehead that reached MS I; II; III; IV was 15.6; 27.0; 37.4; 20.0%, respectively. The GSI ranged from 1.52 to 3.54. Oocyte diameter ranged from 0.5 to 1.7 mm with an average of 1.2 mm. Fecundity ranged from 2,843-23,230 eggs with an average of 9,167 eggs. The female snakehead was predicted to reach the first sexual maturity at a total length of 315 mm.

Introduction: The illegal trade in protected animals is increasing in places where laws are not respected, as if they weren't there. This is reflected in the decrease in the number of wildlife and the increase in the number of legal and illegal wildlife traders whose criminals do not face severe sanctions. The number of Sumatran tigers is decreasing, reaching around 400 individuals. In various parts of Sumatra, these endangered and protected animals continue to be hunted and traded for their organs. Apparently, in the near future, they succeeded in capturing or blocking the Medan tiger skin trade.Purposes of the Research: This writing aims to know and understand the Regulations regarding the protection of endangered species based on the 1963 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and the Implementation of CITES 1963 in Indonesia to protect the Sumatran Tiger.Methods of the Research: Normative research method with the type of research is qualitative analysis. The problem approach used is the statute approach, the conceptual approach and the case approach. The sources of legal materials used are Primary legal materials, Secondary legal materials, and Tertiary legal materials and are used as a technique for collecting legal materials, then processing and analyzing legal materials through methods of interpretation, harmonization, systematic and legal discovery.Results of the Research: The results of the study show that the arrangements regarding the protection of endangered species based on the 1963 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) are that as a whole, CITES is a convention that applies as a general guide to regulate matters relating to trade of all kinds. Wild plants and animals that live in nature. Specifically regarding the protection of Sumatran tigers as implementation of CITES 1963 is the enactment of Presidential Decree No. 43 of 1978 concerning Ratifying the Convention On International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Law No. 5 of 1990 concerning Conservation of Natural Resources, Biology and Their Ecosystems, Regulations Government Number 8 of 1999 Utilization of Wild Plants and Animals, Minister of Forestry Regulation Number P.42/Menhut-II/2007 concerning Sumatran Tiger Conservation Plans and Actions.

International trade in endangered species: the challenges and successes of the 17th conference of parties to the convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora (CITES)

A trend on unethical and unsustainable use of resources to meet the high demand in the trade of indigenous ornamental fishes is widespread. This increased exploitation calls for regulation. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), an apex body having a central role in regulating the trade of any living organisms including indigenous ornamental fishes and preventing the species from being left as extinct. To enlist a species in trade by CITES, formulation of baseline data on its biology, population size, length-weight relations, condition factor, and habitat ecology are necessary. This paper looks into one such consideration on Sahyadria chalakkudiensis inhabiting Western Ghat rivers of Kerala. The length-weight relationships in respect of males and females inhabiting Chalakudy river are expressed as LogW = -3.800 + 2.43 LogL and LogW = -4.333 + 2.69 LogL while the same in males and females inhabiting Pooyamkutty river are LogW = -4.545 + 2.76 LogL and LogW = -5.290 + 3.12 LogL respectively .There is a regular seasonal cycle in relative condition factor with a peak in August (Kn=1.33; Chalakudy population) and September (Kn = 1.15; Pooyamkutty population).The results indicated that management of stock of S. chalakkudiensis is very essential to ensure sustainability of its trade.

A trend on unethical and unsustainable use of resources to meet the high demand in the trade of indigenous ornamental fishes is widespread. This increased exploitation calls for regulation. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), an apex body having a central role in regulating the trade of any living organisms including indigenous ornamental fishes and preventing the species from being left as extinct. To enlist a species in trade by CITES, formulation of baseline data on its biology, population size, length-weight relations, condition factor, and habitat ecology are necessary. This paper looks into one such consideration on Sahyadria chalakkudiensis inhabiting Western Ghat rivers of Kerala. The length-weight relationships in respect of males and females inhabiting Chalakudy river are expressed as Log W = -3.800 + 2.43 Log L and Log W = -4.333 + 2.69 Log L while the same in males and females inhabiting Pooyamkutty river are Log W = -4.545 + 2.76 Log L and Log W = -5.290 + 3.12 Log L respectively .There is a regular seasonal cycle in relative condition factor with a peak in August (Kn=1.33; Chalakudy population) and September (Kn = 1.15; Pooyamkutty population).The results indicated that management of stock of S. chalakkudiensis is very essential to ensure sustainability of its trade.

Bonylip barb (Osteochilus vittatus Valenciennes, 1842) is an indigenous fish which is the main target of fishermen in lake Rawa Pening. This study aims to determine the biological parameters including length-weight relationship, con-dition factor, and sex ratio of bonylip barb in lake Rawa Pening, Semarang Regency. Fish sampling was conducted biweekly from October 2019 to March 2020, caught using bamboo blinds operated by local fishermen. Data collected consisted of total length, individual weight, and sex. Data on the length-weight relationship and condition factors were analyzed descriptively, while the sex ratio was analyzed with the chi-square test (χ2). The results showed that female bonylip barb was obtained as many as 392 individuals with a length-range between 10.0-26.0 cm and a weight range between 14.5-264.1 g. The male counted 255 individuals with a length range of 10.2-22.4 cm and a weight range of 15.0-160.9 g. The growth pattern was allometric negative. The equation of the length-weight relationship of female was W = 0.0186 L 2.9096 (R² = 0.9527), and the male was W = 0.0151 L 2.9689 (R² = 0.9386). The value of the average condition factor of females was 1.05, and the males was 1.02. The condition factor in females was in excellent condition (> 1.05), and males were in good condition (0.95-1.05). The overall sex ratio of male and female was 1:1.54. It means that females population was significantly higher than males.

Botswana, together with other range states, Namibia and South Africa, that is, countries exporting and trading in devil’s claw, was approached by Germany to try to argue for listing the devil’s claw on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) at CITES COP11 in April, 2000 in Nairobi, Kenya. The focal points for CITES (flora) in the range states discovered that there were still gaps in the knowledge of the population dynamics of the plant to agree with the suggestion by Germany. In addition to this knowledge gap, livelihoods of poor and marginalised communities in these countries depended on the devil’s claw trade for sustenance. The proposal for listing was therefore unsuccessful. Both exporting and importing countries were then tasked with looking at this matter for finalisation at subsequent CITES COP meetings. This article reviews the arguments by both importing and exporting countries for the proposal to list or not to list t he devil’s claw on Appendix II of CITES. It also outlines the chronology of events between COP11 when the proposal was made to COP13 when all the parties came to an amicable conclusion on the matter. It lays emphasis on lessons to be learnt for application to similar cases in the future. Key words: Devil’s claw, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), Harpagophytum

Following a formal request by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), the appropriateness of the listing of Aloe arborescens Mill. (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae) in Appendix II of this Convention was assessed. As part of this assessment, the threatened (Red Data List) status in South Africa, the country within which it is taxonomically most diverse, was also re-assessed, and available information on formal and informal trade taken into account. Following a synthesis of the information available on A. arborescens, it is proposed that the species and its varieties should remain on CITES Appendix II, as their de-listing carries the risk of other Aloe species being traded under this name. It is retained in the Red Data List category for species of least concern (LC).

Communities beyond geographical limitation: The network characteristics of international wildlife trade under the pandemic

Aim Online reptile trade poses new challenges to species conservation and requires automated monitoring. Range‐restricted and endemic reptile species are especially vulnerable to wildlife trade and unsustainable exploitation. In this study, we investigated the magnitude and geographic distribution of online trade of 96 endemic and range‐restricted reptile species from the Lesser Antilles. Location Global. Methods We developed methods for automated collection, filtering and processing of wildlife trade content for the targeted species from publicly accessible online platforms. Results We identified 599 relevant advertisements originating from 231 different advertisers and 41 websites focusing on 43 species. Species advertised included threatened species according to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List and species listed in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Appendices. Among threatened species, five are Critically Endangered, three are Endangered and two are Vulnerable according to the IUCN Red List. Moreover, three of the six most advertised species were classified as Near Threatened. Germany was the country with the highest number of advertisements ( N = 124), followed by the United States ( N = 55), the Netherlands ( N = 15) and United Kingdom ( N = 15). Based on data from sale advertisements that included price and currency data, prices ranged from one to over a thousand Euros. Main Conclusions We present a framework for automated analysis of online trade in reptiles that can be extended to other taxonomic groups. Our results highlight countries, such as Germany and the United States, where enhanced monitoring actions would be important to assess the origin (i.e. captive bred or wild sourced individuals) and the legality of the trade. Immediate conservation actions, such as population monitoring, are also needed to ensure wildlife trade is not threatening the persistence of endemic reptile populations in the wild.

Holding governments accountable for their commitments: CITES Review of Significant Trade for a very high-volume taxon

It is important to identify endangered species from thousands of species and take conservation measures in time. Many researchers have reported declines and overexploitation of snake species, but it is difficult to identify the species requiring emergency concern. We tried to identify the snake species threatened by economic exploitation in mainland China through the following procedure: First, we identified 16 snake species in significant international trade through analyzing trade records; second, we chose 10 variables representing biological characteristics and economics factors. The values of these variables for each species were evaluated from 0 (minimum risk) to 3 (high risk). Three snake species protected by CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) were also assessed. We then got the priority rank of these species by calculating their average scores. We found that among the species in significant international trade, except those CITES-listed ones, four snake species were at extremely high risk, while all other snake species in significant trade were endangered or vulnerable. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to classify the species into four groups according to their different biological and economic characteristics. This study provides a possible way to identify endangered species and to rank their conservation priority. The results of this paper can also be used as a priority sequence for taking conservation action, especially trade control measures.

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) was created to prevent species becoming threatened through international trade. It generally prohibits international commercial trade in seriously threatened species but permits trade in a regulated manner in species vulnerable to exploitation but not yet at risk of extinction. CITES covers comparatively few marine taxa, reflecting the fact that most marine species have much greater ranges and fecundity than terrestrial species and so are more resilient to exploitation. Exceptions are to be found in the higher vertebrates. Several marine mammals may have benefited from CITES controls, although their popular appeal, commercial importance, and extreme vulnerability have meant that other treaties and conservation activities have been adopted to control their exploitation. Marine turtles Cheloniidae and the estuarine crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) certainly have benefited from CITES controls. Many commercially important fishes and invertebrates are covered by international and regional fishery agreements; a few, with life histories making them particularly vulnerable to exploitation, are subject to CITES controls. The structure of CITES limits its utility as a conservation tool for marine species, but where other mechanisms fail or are absent, it plays a useful role, and it is particularly valuable as an international trade monitoring mechanism.

Journal of Applied IchthyologyVolume 22, Issue s1 p. 53-65 CITES, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora: its role in the conservation of Acipenseriformes Caroline Raymakers, Caroline RaymakersSearch for more papers by this author Caroline Raymakers, Caroline RaymakersSearch for more papers by this author First published: 10 July 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.00929.xCitations: 40AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume22, Issues1December 2006Pages 53-65 RelatedInformation

An increasing number of commercially exploited and managed aquatic species has been listed in the Appendices to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), triggering the attention from the fisheries sector of States on how listing would impact on the management of the relevant fisheries. CITES regulates international trade in certain aquatic species, including those which are, and can be, commercially exploited and which are being managed by the fisheries sector. The fisheries sector legal frameworks will have to recognize and enable the various requirements provided for in CITES, including the making of non-detriment findings and ensuring that there is a designated management authority and scientific authority to take certain decisions in respect of listed commercially exploited and managed aquatic species. This sourcebook provides clarifications on the relationship of CITES with the fisheries sector and provides guidance on how national fisheries legal frameworks can optimize the implementation of CITES. The realisation of this sourcebook in 2020, designated as a “super year” for nature and biodiversity, represents a timely and useful contribution to fisheries management, by (i) raising awareness of CITES; (ii) enhancing comprehension of the CITES regime and its relationship with the fisheries sector and (iii) where a deliberate decision is made by a country to implement CITES through its national fisheries legal frameworks, providing guidance as to what do it and how to do it.