Abstract
Background The consumption of illicit drugs in Chile has increased over the years generating abuse and dependence problems and becoming a public health problem. Aim To build and disseminate a figure in which health personnel can quickly visualize illicit drugs and their common names, and thus be able to associate them with the effects and risks that are expected in the patient. Material and Methods A bibliographic review and compilation of information obtained from dealers and drug abusers. Results A figure and a table were developed. The former illustrates the classification and common names of drugs, while the second indicates the mechanisms of action and effects expected in the body according to each drug of abuse. Conclusions Illicit drugs have several popular names and various mechanisms of action. When confronting drug consumption this information is crucial to provide an adequate treatment and withdrawal management. However, it is important to keep in mind that this work only represents a management guide and that treatment should always focus on the condition and clinical manifestations of the patient.
Highlights
The consumption of illicit drugs in Chile has increased over the years generating abuse and dependence problems and becoming a public health problem
Como resultados de este artículo se desarrolló una figura que muestra la clasificación de las drogas ilícitas según su efecto sobre el sistema nervioso central y los nombres comunes utilizados por consumidores y vendedores
Dentro de la toxicidad neurológica, los signos y síntomas más comunes consisten en convulsiones, alteraciones de la conducta, memoria y el pensamiento, hiperreflexia y agitación en el caso de las
Summary
The consumption of illicit drugs in Chile has increased over the years generating abuse and dependence problems and becoming a public health problem. Además de esta gran prevalencia en el consumo, llama la atención que cada vez hay mayor acceso a nuevas drogas de abuso como, por ejemplo, los cannabinoides sintéticos o las nuevas sustancias psicoactivas. En este artículo se dará énfasis a la clasificación y efectos tóxicos que estas drogas pueden producir en el contexto del individuo expuesto, entregando orientación para poder identificar las drogas a partir de los nombres de uso popular. Objetivos Es por este creciente aumento del consumo de drogas y la disminución de la percepción del riesgo, junto con la aparición de nuevas drogas y mayor facilidad en el acceso, que los profesionales de la salud deben estar actualizados con respecto a esta temática, para así poder brindar respuestas oportunas al verse enfrentados a situaciones de emergencias en las que la salud y la vida del paciente se encuentren en riesgo. De esta forma, dicho personal tendrá mayor claridad respecto al manejo que requiere cada paciente
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