Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii, an opportunistic ESKAPE pathogen, causes respiratory and urinary tract infections. Its prevalence increases gradually in the clinical setup. Pathogenicity of Acinetobacter is significantly influenced by its ability to infect and survive in human pulmonary cells. Therefore, it is important to study the infection of A. baumannii in human pulmonary host cell (A-549), monitoring surface interacting and internalized bacteria. It was found that during infection of A. baumannii, about 40% bacteria adhered to A-549, whereas 20% got internalized inside pulmonary cell and induces threefold increase in the reactive oxygen species production. We have synthesized polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-capped AgNPs using chemical methods and tested its efficacy against carbapenem-resistant strain of A. baumannii. PVP-capped silver nanoparticles (PVP-AgNPs) (30 µM) have shown antibacterial activity against carbapenem-resistant strain of A. baumannii and this concentration does not have any cytotoxic effect on the human pulmonary cell line (IC50 is 130 µM). Similarly, PVP-AgNPs treatment decreases 80% viability of intracellular bacteria, decreases adherence of A. baumannii to A-549 (40 to 2.2%), and decreases intracellular concentration (20 to 1.3%) of A. baumannii. This concludes that PVP-AgNPs can be developed as a substitute for carbapenem to control the infection caused by carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii.
Highlights
Acinetobacter baumannii, an ESKAPE pathogen, causes pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and respiratory infections, and its prevalence in clinical setup increases with time [1, 2]
We have used RS-307 strain of A. baumannii, which is a multidrug resistant strain of A. baumannii and have high MIC (>64 μg/ml) for imipenem, and A-549 cell line, which is a human pulmonary cells. This cell line has been chosen as A. baumannii causes pneumonia that is associated with lungs
Human alveolar basal epithelial cell line A-549 was selected as a model to study the infection caused by A. baumannii
Summary
Acinetobacter baumannii, an ESKAPE pathogen, causes pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and respiratory infections, and its prevalence in clinical setup increases with time [1, 2]. ESKAPE pathogen causes hospital-acquired infection and includes Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, A. baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species. The lethality of A. baumannii is due to the development of resistance against most of the antibiotics used to treat it. Inflammation in lung is one of the important symptoms of pneumonia caused by A. baumannii resulting in epithelial barrier destruction [7]. Interaction between A. baumannii and human pulmonary cells (alveolar epithelial) leads to infection because of its adherence and invasion into these cells [8,9,10] and induces cellular death [8].
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