Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by the accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors among men and women worldwide. The use of very long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC PUFA) could potentially benefit individuals with MetS. The goal was to better understand the relationship between MetS and VLC PUFA in South Asian (SA) Americans who experience an elevated risk for heart disease. We analyzed a cross section of South Asian (SA) using the automated self‐administered 24‐hr recall (ASA24) and clinic data in a low‐income SA in Maryland. We found no correlation between MetS indicators (high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, diastolic blood pressure, and waist circumference (WC)) and dietary n‐3 PUFA (eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic acids). However, dietary n‐6 VLC PUFA (arachidonic acid [AA]) was associated with cholesterol and fasting blood glucose levels. SA with MetS did not have a significantly low level of dietary VLC PUFA intake, and there were no SA group differences in the intake of VLC PUFA but there were significant gender differences. Dietary practices in SA may contribute to increased proinflammatory markers and play a role in elevated MetS components.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) by twofold and type II diabetes (T2D) by fivefold through the process of insulin resistance and obesity via inflammation
Dietary factors play a role in MetS, especially economically disadvantaged populations who may not consume adequate amounts of healthy n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) containing foods compared to the inflammatory n-6
Aberrant lipid and glucose metabolism seem be among the key metabolic risk factors for South Asian (SA) groups increasing the risk for coronary heart disease leading to premature death (Cruickshank, Cooper, Burnett, MacDuff, & Drubra, 1991; Joshi et al, 2007)
Summary
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) by twofold and type II diabetes (T2D) by fivefold through the process of insulin resistance and obesity via inflammation. Evidence suggests that modifications in dietary fat composition and ratio affect the risk of CVD, very long-chain n-3 (VLC n-3) PUFA have been found to reduce plasma triglyceride. Our aim was to see whether age, gender, consumption of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids can predict if subjects developed MetS
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