Abstract
Skin injuries constitute a gateway for pathogenic bacteria that can be either part of tissue microbiota or acquired from the environmental. These microorganisms (such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus) produce virulence factors that impair tissue integrity and sustain the inflammatory phase leading for establishment of chronic wounds. The high levels of antimicrobial resistance have limited the therapeutic arsenal for combatting skin infections. Thus, the treatment of non-healing chronic wounds is a huge challenge for health services worldwide, imposing great socio-economic damage to the affected individuals. This scenario has encouraged the use of natural polymers, such as polysaccharide, in order to develop new formulations (membranes, nanoparticles, hydrogels, scaffolds) to be applied in the treatment of skin infections. In this non-exhaustive review, we discuss the applications of polysaccharide-based formulations in the healing of infected wounds in animal models and clinical trials. The formulations discussed in this review were prepared using alginate, cellulose, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid. In addition to have healing actions per se, these polysaccharide formulations can act as transdermal drug delivery systems, controlling the release of active ingredients (such as antimicrobial and healing agents). The papers show that these polysaccharides-based formulations are efficient in controlling infection and improve the healing, even in chronic infected wounds. These data should positively impact the design of new dressings to treat skin infections.
Highlights
Wound healing is a complex biochemical and cellular process consisting of sequential and overlapping phases that occur in response to the physical disruption of tissue [1,2]
They are semipermeable and have good porosity; They provide thermal insulation; They ensure a moist environment; They are suitable for sensitive and fragile skin; They have good absorption capacity; They can reduce over granulation; They allow atraumatic removal. They have high water content and maintain a moist environment; They are clear or transparent, allowing the wound monitoring; They promote re-epithelialization; They facilitate autolytic debridement of necrotic area. They maintain a moist environment; They absorb minimal to moderate amounts of drainage; They are easy to be removed; They facilitate autolytic debridement of necrotic area; They contribute to pain management; They provide a barrier to external microorganism; They promote acidification which can inhibit bacteria growth
We present the application of polysaccharide-based formulations in in vivo experimental models of skin wounds infections induced by bacteria
Summary
Wound healing is a complex biochemical and cellular process consisting of sequential and overlapping phases (hemostasis, inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling stages) that occur in response to the physical disruption of tissue [1,2]. As a secondary dressing they can be used combined with foam dressings in heavier exuding wounds They are semipermeable and have good porosity; They provide thermal insulation; They ensure a moist environment; They are suitable for sensitive and fragile skin; They have good absorption capacity; They can reduce over granulation; They allow atraumatic removal. They maintain a moist environment; They absorb minimal to moderate amounts of drainage; They are easy to be removed; They facilitate autolytic debridement of necrotic area; They contribute to pain management; They provide a barrier to external microorganism; They promote acidification which can inhibit bacteria growth They are semipermeable (impermeability to water, bacteria, and dirt; but permeable to wet vapors); They are flexible; They are clear or transparent, allowing the wound monitoring. They have high capacity to absorb exudate (up to 20 times their weight); They are permeable to wet vapors; They are flexible and biodegradable; They minimize bacterial infection
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
