Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate genetic polymorphism in three Sakini chicken populations using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with seven highly polymorphic primers. All populations showed polymorphism with these primers that generates 59 different bands with an average of 8.4 bands per primer with 78.6% polymorphism nature. Primer OPA-16 produced the highest number of polymorphism bands 47 % and the lowest number of bands was produced by the OPA-05 primer 24 %. Differences for genetic distance (D) among populations were significant (P<0.05). A consensus dendogram was therefore developed to show the phylogenetic relationship among the populations. The cluster pattern is well supported by the principle component analysis that also separates all three populations of Sakini chicken into six major groups. The results provide evidence of the applicability of RAPD to determining genetic relatedness within and among different poultry populations and in developing reproducible markers useful in evaluating individual variation in poultry.
 SAARC J. Agri., 18(2): 115-124 (2020)
Highlights
Sakini, a principal and most common chicken breed in Nepal distributed throughout the country
random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers are polymorphic DNA which is separated by the process of gel electrophoresis after polymerase chain reaction with the help of short random oligonucleotide primers (Welsh and McClelland, 1990; Williams et al, 1990)
Out of 162 birds that were taken for the phenotypic characterization of Sakini chicken of different agro-ecological zones of Nepal (Rasuwa for high hills, 61 birds; Kavre for mid-hills, 40 birds; and Rautahat for Terai, 61 birds), twenty samples from different districts were taken randomly and studied for molecular characterization
Summary
A principal and most common chicken breed in Nepal distributed throughout the country. The molecular characterization of indigenous chicken is the prerequisite for understanding about the breed after developing efficient strategies for conservation This present study was conducted to evaluate genetic polymorphism in three Sakini chicken populations using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with seven highly polymorphic primers. RAPD markers are polymorphic DNA which is separated by the process of gel electrophoresis after polymerase chain reaction with the help of short random oligonucleotide primers (Welsh and McClelland, 1990; Williams et al, 1990) It is considered as one of the simple, safe, less expensive and rapid methods to figure out genetic diversity and similarity in various organisms which attributes to its use in molecular and genetic studies. The ultimate intention of this project is to determine genetic variability among different Sakini chicken breeds and to confirm the genetic relationship among them with the use of RAPDs markers
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