Abstract
Among the primary human classes of glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes exhibit a deletion polymorphism that leads to a lack of active isoforms when in homozygous state(the null genotype). Persons with homozygous deletions of either GSTM1 or GSTT1 locus have no functional enzymatic activity of GST and this in turn exacerbate the damage caused by ROS and RNS to pancreatic β-cells. This causes reduced insulin production and, therefore type 2 diabetes. Therefore, GST polymorphic genes (GSTM1null and GSTT1-null) could be used as a biological marker to determine the diabetic risk of individual.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common multifactorial genetic syndrome, which is determined by several different genes and environmental factors
Even though little is known about the genetics of type 2 DM, its incidence is increasing rapidly due to secondary factors, such as hypertension, obesity, and lack of physical activity and it affect an estimated 382 million people worldwide, with type 2 diabetes making up about 90% of the cases[1,2,3]
A recent study revealed that the proportion of the GSTT1- and GSTM1-null genotypes was significantly greater in diabetic patients
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common multifactorial genetic syndrome, which is determined by several different genes and environmental factors. Pancreatic β-cells have little expression of antioxidant enzymes and they are sensitive to cytotoxic stress they emerge as a putative target of oxidative stress-induced tissue damage. This seems to explain in part the progressive deterioration of β-cell function in T2DM[10]. Taiwo Idowu A. and Shittu Mujeeb O./ Polymorphic Human Glutathione S-transferase Genes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus antimutagen and in antioxidant defense mechanism[11]. Many of the glutathione S-transferase genes (GST genes) undergo polymorphism; there has been substantial interest in studying the associations between particular allelic variants with altered risk of a variety of diseases. Recent studies have revealed significant interethnic differences in allelic frequencies of polymorphic GST genes and susceptibility to certain diseases[12]
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