Polymeric Micelles for parenteral delivery of Sagopilone: Physicochemical characterization, novel formulation approaches and their toxicity assessment in vitro as well as in vivo

Abstract

Purpose The block copolymers PEG 2000- b-PLA 2200, PEG 2000- b-PCL 2600 and PEG 5000- b-PCL 5000 have been currently identified as optimal solubilizing agents for Sagopilone, a poorly water-soluble anticancer drug. In the present study, the stability, formulation feasibility and in vitro as well as in vivo toxicity were evaluated. Methods Dispersion media, storage conditions, and dilutions were varied for stability assessment. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) was determined using a fluorescent probe technique. Lyophilizates and polymeric films were investigated as formulation options. Furthermore, the toxicity was studied in vitro and in vivo using HeLa/MaTu cells and a nude mouse model, respectively. Results A drug–polymer ratio as low as 1:20 (w/w) was sufficient to solubilize Sagopilone effectively and to obtain stable dispersions (24 h: drug content ⩾95%). Although the micelles exhibited a similar thermodynamic stability (CMC: 10 −7–10 −6 M), PEG- b-PCL micelles were kinetically more stable than PEG 2000- b-PLA 2200 (24 h at 37 °C: drug content ⩾90% compared to 30%, respectively). Lyophilization of PEG- b-PCL micelles and storage stability of solid drug-loaded PEG 2000- b-PLA 2200 films (3 m, 6 °C: drug content of (95.6 ± 1.4)%) were demonstrated for the first time. The high antiproliferative activity has been maintained in vitro (IC 50<1 nM). Carrier-associated side effects have not been observed in vivo and the maximum tolerated dose of micellar Sagopilone was determined to be 6 mg/kg. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that polymeric micelles, especially PEG- b-PCL micelles, offer excellent potential for further preclinical and clinical cancer studies using Sagopilone.