Polymeric matrices for high-strength reinforced composites. Review

Abstract

The problem of producing matrices for reinforced polymeric composite materials is examined. The demands on the polymeric matrices in terms of reaching the maximum strength characteristics of polymeric composite materials are discussed. The task is formulated as the reaching of a compromise between three groups of mutually contradictory characteristics of the polymeric matrix: strength, rigidity and heat resistance; plasticity, fracture toughness and impact resistance; and technological features taking into account economic, ecological and business factors. Some aspects of the link between the chemical structure and the main characteristics of the polymeric matrix are considered: elasticity modulus, yield limit (forced elasticity), glass transition temperature and other parameters. The specific properties of thermosetting (epoxide, polyester, urea- and phenol-formaldehyde resins, oligoimides, rolyvsans, isocyanates, carbodiimides, cyanesters, cyanamides, etc.) and thermoplastic (polyether ketone, polyether etherketone, polyether sulphone, polyether imide, polyimides, polybenzimidazole, liquid crystalline and other) binders are given. The shortcomings and advantages of particular methods of improving their quality through modification are discussed: additions of rubbers and thermoplasts to thermosetting systems, combination of binders of different types, etc. The most promising paths for further researcha and development are mapped out.