Abstract
We developed a process for making liquid lenses that have a tunable focal distance. In our process, polymer thin films are directly deposited on liquid droplets in vacuum. Conducting the deposition in vacuum helps preserve the delicate spherical droplet shape so that they can be used as lenses. The polymer film is mechanically stable, which protects the droplets from the ambient, but it is also extremely thin and flexible, which allows the droplets to deform. The droplets are deformed using electrostatic force to change their focal distance. Our lens is structurally simple and can be operated by an electrical input.
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