Polymer-integrated ternary nanocomposite electrode with reduced graphene oxide and tin disulfide for improved capacitance and long-term stability in supercapacitor applications

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ABSTRACT This research involves the synthesis of a ternary nanocomposite (PDMOT/rGO/SnS2) by integrating poly-{3,4-bis[(S)-2-methyloctyl]thiophene} (PDMOT), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and tin disulfide (SnS2) using a straightforward in situ polymerization and hydrothermal method for energy storage applications. The techniques of XRD, Raman, TGA, XPS, TEM, and FESEM were employed to analyze the thermal, structural, chemical content, and morphology of the prepared samples. The TGA results indicate that the PDMOT/rGO/SnS2 ternary nanocomposite electrode has the highest weight retention value relative to the pure PDMOT, PDMOT/rGO, and PDMOT/SnS2 produced electrodes. The PDMOT/rGO/SnS2 ternary nanocomposite exhibited the greatest thermal stability. The electrochemical properties of the PDMOT/rGO/SnS2 nanocomposite are evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) studies. The PDMOT/rGO/SnS2 ternary nanocomposite electrode exhibited superior specific capacitance, diminished charge transfer resistance, and better cycle stability relative to the individual PDMOT, PDMOT/rGO, and PDMOT/SnS2 electrodes, attributable to the robust interactions among PDMOT, rGO, and SnS2. Incorporating rGO significantly enhanced the durability and electrical storage capacity of PDMOT. This underscores the advantageous properties of rGO, leading to the highest specific capacitance (1182 Fg−1 at 5 Ag−1), remarkable performance stability across varying charging rates, and significant capacitance retention (96% over 5,000 cycles at 5 Ag−1). The PDMOT/rGO/SnS2 hybrid electrode demonstrates an exceptional specific energy of 171 Whkg−1 at a specific power of 2457 Wkg−1. Following 5,000 cycles, the capacitance diminishes by merely 4% of its original value. The PDMOT/rGO/SnS2 ternary nanocomposite exhibits remarkable long-term cyclic stability, evidenced by a 96% preservation of capacitance after 5,000 consecutive cycles. This indicates that it is an exceptionally efficient, economical, and promising electrode material for further research in supercapacitors. Consequently, this technology will promote the advancement of next-generation advanced electrode materials for energy storage.