Abstract
The mussel inspired polydopamine has acquired great relevance in the field of nanomedicines, owing to its incredible physicochemical properties. Polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) due to their low cytotoxicity, high biocompatibility and ready biodegradation have already been widely investigated in various drug delivery, chemotherapeutic, and diagnostic applications. In addition, owing to its highly reactive nature, it possesses a very high capability for loading drugs and chemotherapeutics. Therefore, the loading efficiency of PDA NPs for an antibiotic i.e., gentamicin (G) has been investigated in this work. For this purpose, an in-situ polymerization method was studied to load the drug into PDA NPs using variable drug: monomer ratios. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the successful loading of drug within PDA NPs, mainly via hydrogen bonding between the amine groups of gentamicin and the hydroxyl groups of PDA. The loading amount was quantified by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and the highest percentage loading capacity was achieved for G-PDA prepared with drug to monomer ratio of 1:1. Moreover, the gentamicin loaded PDA NPs were tested in a preliminary antibacterial evaluation using the broth microdilution method against both Gram-(+) Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-(−) Pseudomonas aeruginosa microorganisms. The highest loaded G-PDA sample exhibited the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values. The developed gentamicin loaded PDA is very promising for long term drug release and treating various microbial infections.
Highlights
Nanomedicines have played a surprising role in the biomedical field in terms of various physical and chemical responses for drug delivery [1,2]
Owing to its superior properties such as low toxicity, high biocompatibility, and biodegradation, and the cheap and convenient procedure to produce Polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs), we have investigated their implementation in antibiotic loading
PDA NPs were synthesized through the oxidative self-polymerization of dopamine for 24 h in a mixed solution of water, ammonia, and ethanol at pH 12.5
Summary
Nanomedicines have played a surprising role in the biomedical field in terms of various physical and chemical responses for drug delivery [1,2]. A considerable number of nanocarriers have been investigated for drug delivery including organic and inorganic nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery and chemotherapy. These nanocarriers help in improvement in drug cellular accumulation and reduction of the required dosing frequency, improving patient compliance and therapeutic efficacy [3,4]. Before its nanoparticulate formulation, PDA was come into considerations as a modifier and/or coating material because of its robust adhesive nature in weakly alkaline conditions [7]. Both above-mentioned formulations rely on a single step self-polymerization process of the biological molecule, dopamine.
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