Abstract
Increase in grain nitrogen concentration (GNC), which is directly affected by nitrogen (N) application, can help overcome the issues of malnutrition. Here, the effects of urea type (polyaspartic acid (PASP) urea and conventional urea) and N management method (two splits and four splits) on GNC and N concentration of head rice were investigated in field experiments conducted in Sichuan, China, in 2014 and 2015. N concentration of grain and head rice were significantly (P < 0.05) increased by N redistribution from the leaf lamina, activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) at the heading stage, and N concentration and GOGAT activity in the leaf lamina at the maturity stage. Compared to conventional urea, PASP-urea significantly improved N concentration of grain and head rice by improving the activities of GS and GOGAT, thereby increasing N distribution in the leaf lamina. The four splits method, unlike the two splits method, enhanced N concentration and activities of key N metabolism enzymes of leaf lamina, leading to increased GNC and N concentration in head rice too. Overall, four splits is a feasible method for using PASP-urea and improving GNC.
Highlights
Approximately one-eighth of the world population is food deprived and more than 10% is chronically malnourished[1]
Rational N application is a feasible method for improving the N concentration and protein in grains
The present study investigated the effectiveness of PASP-urea and N management method on N concentration and accumulation in rice grain, and their relationships with the N characteristics of the leaf lamina
Summary
Approximately one-eighth of the world population is food deprived and more than 10% is chronically malnourished[1]. Split N application, a simple and practical N management method, is widely used for increasing crop yield and N use efficiency[22,23]. It has been confirmed as a feasible method for improving GNC of maize[14]. Previous studies have demonstrated that PASP-urea increases the N balance in paddy fields, leading to improvement in grain yield, N uptake, and N use efficiency of rice, as well as the accumulation of N in the panicle[21,25,27]. There exists limited knowledge of the effectiveness of split N application and PASP-urea on GNC of rice
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