Abstract
From the field surveys performed in the South, Centre-West, Southeast and North regions of Brazil between 2014 and 2018, new migration routes, transbordering relationships of human mobility and the impacts of the desired South and Latin American regional integration were identified in the immigration profile of Brazil. In this sense, this article aims to review the cartographies, policies, routes and the state of the art of international immigration in Brazil for the last five years, which saw profound changes in the domestic and foreign scenarios. From the country of the “Brazilian dream” of Latin Americans and Caribbeans, the country changed to the country of remigrations and forced emigrations, including refugees who settled here during the short period of the migratory Eldorado. Using the instruments of thematic mapping, which is now revisited and revised in relation to our previous productions, we will discuss what remained of the “new immigration country” from the ruptures that occurred with the 2016 impeachment and with the approval and effectiveness of the new Immigration Law from 2017. The article also broaches the recent discussions on the migration of Venezuelan refugees to the Brazilian territory and its repercussions on the Latin American integration project, apparently discontinued with the rise of such disorganized governments in the region. Finally, we bring in topics the immigration perspectives for Brazil in the coming years and linked to issues of defence, geopolitics and geoeconomics, including also the discussion on environmental migration.
Highlights
From the field surveys conducted in the South, Centre-West, Southeast and North regions of Brazil between 2014 and 2018, we identified new migratory routes, transbordering relationships of human mobility and impacts of the desired South and Latin American regional integration on the immigration profile of Brazil, this one in constant transformation, including according to the political, economic and social moment of the country (Figure 1)
This article aims to review the cartographies, policies, routes and the state of the art of international immigration to Brazil in the last five years, which led to profound changes in domestic and foreign scenarios
When we advance in the analysis of these quantitative data, before we show the cartographic evolution resulting from this process, both exogenous (Brazilian scenario) and endogenous, we present the information in Graph 2 – perhaps the most interesting to the public reader of this article – with the main immigrant groups that arrived in the Brazilian territory between 2014 and 2018
Summary
From the field surveys conducted in the South, Centre-West, Southeast and North regions of Brazil between 2014 and 2018, we identified new migratory routes, transbordering relationships of human mobility and impacts of the desired South and Latin American regional integration on the immigration profile of Brazil, this one in constant transformation, including according to the political, economic and social moment of the country (Figure 1) In this sense, this article aims to review the cartographies, policies, routes and the state of the art of international immigration to Brazil in the last five years, which led to profound changes in domestic and foreign scenarios. The combination of environmental vulnerability with the social and economic vulnerability of the country has been aggravated by recurrent environmental disasters, as Sutter and King (2012) point out in their study on the quality of life in Haiti after earthquake, as can be seen in Table 1 and can explain the reasons why Haitians leave their country of origin to try a more dignified life in others, like Brazil
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