Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of the discharge of effluents Farcha slaughterhouses pollution of the Chari River. To overcome this, water and sediment samples were taken upstream to the outlet and downstream of Farcha slaughterhouse. These samples were subjected to some physicochemical analysis. Slaughterhouse effluent showed a Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) ranging from 96 mg.L-1 to 100 mg.L-1; Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 54 mg.L-1 to 70 mg.L-1 and the suspended solids (TSS) 64 mg.L-1 to 108 mg.L-1. The physicochemical characterization of water samples Chari gave a change in hydrogen potential (pH) between 6 to 7; a temperature ranging from 28.35°C to 28.70°C with an electric conductivity ranging from 50 μS.cm-1 to 129 μS.cm-1. The dissolved oxygen levels in water shows an appreciable oxygenation (5.02 - 7.37 mg O2.L-1). As the mineral substances, the chloride ions (Cl-) vary from 9.05 mg.L-1 to 29.25 mg.L-1; ferrous ions (Fe2+) of 0.48 mg.L-1 to 11.10 mg.L-1; sulphate ions (SO42-) of 21.50 mg.L-1 to 38 mg.L-1; phosphate ions (PO43-) of 20.45 mg/L to 84.35 mg/L; nitrate ions (NO3-) of 15 mg.L-1 to 39.50 mg.L-1. In opposite, the concentrations of nitrite (NO2-) increased from 7.45 mg.L-1 to 13 mg.L-1; that of ammonium ions (NH4+) 1.49 mg.L-1 to 4.95 mg.L-1. The concentrations of dissolved ions showed higher values in July than in September. We observed significant variations in these parameters, some of which values were in excess of the WHO standard. However; the rate of COD/BOD5 = 1.67 show that these wastewater Farcha slaughterhouses are biodegradable.
Highlights
IntroductionThe Chari River (1200 km) undergoes physical, chemical and biological constraints through several cities in Chad
The aquatic environment quality is significantly affected by several natural and anthropic activities which provide many contaminants [1,2,3,4].The Chari River (1200 km) undergoes physical, chemical and biological constraints through several cities in Chad
The high value is EXUj, this can be explained by the release of water from the slaughterhouse in contact with the waters of the river Chari
Summary
The Chari River (1200 km) undergoes physical, chemical and biological constraints through several cities in Chad. This river is the main tributary of Lake Chad, which is experiencing a significant crowding in recent years. At the city of N'djamena, wastewater is discharged directly into the river or in the gutters drain rainwater draining the Chari River. These domestic water from hotels, hospitals, households and other domestic purposes. Diseases such as gastroenteritis and typhoid were detected among residents because of the downstream water consumption from the river and slaughterhouses Farcha [6]
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