Abstract
Objectives: To explore the relationship of Pakistani Political Leader Imran Khan Speeches and newspapers agenda examining the coverage of electoral rigging issue which gained the momentum of a movement in Pakistan during post elections 2013 against the then siting government of Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz\'s (PML-N). Method: The study takes its roots from the network agenda setting model. It aims to study the model in the context of agenda building in Pakistan. Social Network Analysis technique was used to analyze the data collected from two sources including: Live speeches of movement leader, Imran Khan and coverage of three leading Urdu dailies of Pakistan; Express, Dunya and Jang to explore the relationship among these agenda setting networks. Firstly, we performed content analysis of 128 speeches of Imran Khan, 964 news stories and 239 editorials of sample newspapers. Secondly, we turned data into matrices and applied network analysis techniques with the help of UCINet and NetDraw software. Findings: QAP Correlation indicates strong association among, Imran Khan Speeches and newspapers agenda. However, these associations are different for two issues; Electoral rigging, and PML-N rigging. Imran Khan influenced the media agenda more for shaping the image of elections-2013 as unfair and rigged. On the other hand, his speeches were found less influential in shaping media agenda about the involvement of PML-N in electoral rigging. In this way, study reveals that third level agenda building effects depend upon the political nature of issues. Keywords: Third level agenda building; political speeches; electoral rigging; Pakistan elections-2013; social network analysis
Highlights
Role of mass media in the presentation of political issues and objects and its perception among the audience has been central among the agenda setting scholars for last four decades starting from the ground breaking Chappell Hill study in 1968 [1,2,3]
After data collection, according to the nature of study, and predefined categories of elements, matrices containing 6 rows & 6 columns were created about Elections-2013 and 6 rows & 6 column matrices were created for Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz (PML-N) government
This study explores that importance of political speeches in political events cannot be undermined in Network Agenda Building process
Summary
Role of mass media in the presentation of political issues and objects and its perception among the audience has been central among the agenda setting scholars for last four decades starting from the ground breaking Chappell Hill study in 1968 [1,2,3]. The traditional or first level of agenda setting studied agenda as a set of objects and issues [4,5,6,7,8]. The objects are public issues, but they could be other items or topics, such as the agenda of political candidates during an election[9]. Later on, this scholarship turned the focus from object agenda to attribute agenda. For each object on the agenda, there is an agenda of attributes that influences our understanding of the object [9]
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