Political consumerism and consumption modes: The case of Hong Kong youths watching Chinese Mainland television dramas

The digital economy has become an increasingly important part of the world economy. It is vastly concentrated in two economies, namely, the United States and China. The main aim of our study is to investigate Chinese digital companies and government policy enabling the rapid development of the country’s digital economy and the largest American digital companies’ performance in the Chinese market. Our findings show that the largest American digital companies, which are globally active players, usually have a very limited market share in different segments of the Chinese digital economy or have been forced to leave the Chinese market after a short period of operation. In the future, Chinese government policy will continue to ensure the priority role of domestic digital companies in the upgrading and structural transformation of the Chinese economy driven by services, high-tech sectors, and consumption while limiting the role of American digital companies.

The tourism industry faces increased consumer awareness and interest in social, environmental, and/or animal issues. At the same time, there is still an ample gap between consumers’ stated “ethical” concerns for other humans or the environment, and consumers’ actual behaviours, particularly in the realm of private vacations. This discrepancy in ethical concerns among tourism consumers, in particular German consumers, is accentuated by an increased heterogeneity among consumers regarding the strength, consistency and direction of ethical considerations. This research addressed the challenge of marketing ethical tourism services emanating from increased heterogeneity among ethical consumers and the need to explore their stable vacation motivations. This study investigated how the personal values of self-declared ethical consumers influenced their vacation motivations and choices across two vacations. By embedding two in-depth interviews and a diary per participant in the case study research design, the personal values relevant for ethical consumers and how they prioritised specific values in their values hierarchy were explored. Studying those differences in ethical consumers’ value hierarchies and their stability over time and across consumption domains yielded nuanced insights into heterogeneity among ethical consumers. Beyond that, those different value hierarchies built the foundation in this study to develop ethical consumer personas, i.e., archetypes of consumers with a clear profile. Those personas allow ethical tourism providers to tailor their services and communication to better accommodate the values and needs of a certain persona. In a similar vein, the developed personas in this study allow ethical tourism providers to target one or more specific personas with a similar ethical mindset as the company, its management and employees. From a theoretical perspective, this research empirically and theoretically contributes to the understanding of the stable and motivating nature of ethical consumers’ personal value hierarchies over time and across consumption domains, as well as their influence on personal encounters in the realm of tourism. This study is the first academic endeavour to research ethical consumers’ value hierarchies in the domain of tourism, and the findings identify specific values and value combinations to explain heterogeneity among ethical consumers’ vacation motivations and patterns.

<p>The Chinese government's policy in The Silk Road Economic Belt aims to facilitate the infrastructure of land route transportation. Railway infrastructure projects and installation of oil and gas pipelines require a large investment, and Chinese political power to influence every country to support and be involved in the Belt Road Initiative project. The direction of the Chinese government's policy is certainly intended to underpin China's geopolitical projections in the region. The research question is analyzed through theory of geopolitics, geostrategy and geoeconomics. The research methodology, based on descriptive analytic, is supported by data collection techniques and is equipped with data sources relevant to the phenomena discussed. In conclusion, China's geopolitical projections become the main goal for the Chinese government in the Silk Road Economic Belt policy. The assumption of the geopilitical theory of the heartland illustrates that the mastery of the land logistics route supports China's efforts to influence globally by building a logistics path that further connects China with the global world, including Europe, Asia, the Middle East and North Africa.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Keyword</strong><strong>s</strong><strong>: </strong>China, Geopolitics, The Silk Road Economic Belt.</p>

Future pathways for green hydrogen: Analyzing the nexus of renewable energy consumption and hydrogen development in Chinese cities

<bold>ABSTRACT</bold> While green consumption as an effective means to support sustainable development has permeated our daily lives, people frequently fail to translate this awareness into practical action. This paper introduces role-playing gamification design games in tourism environments to explore how thinking counterfactually about environmentally friendly behaviour can enhance one’s green tourism consumption intention. We designed the experimental context of the role-playing game based on the traditional Chinese myth ‘Journey to the West’ to better accommodate Chinese participants. Study 1 showed that environmental identity partially mediates the effect of counterfactual thinking on green tourism consumption. Study 2 demonstrated that the difference between the gamification presence group and the gamification absence group was statistically significant. Our findings provide evidences for the positive effects of counterfactual thinking on environmental identity, and offer a useful exploration of how to enhance green tourism consumption intentions.

Sam's Club is one of the largest membership-based retailers in the world. In the context of the epidemic, they still have a place in China's retail industry. Moreover, it has won the affirmation of many customers through its unique advantages and innovations. This paper aims to use Sam's Club as the main object of this case study to analyze how it has won in the Chinese retailer industry. SWOT Analysis is preferred to use as the primary method. This paper concludes that the differentiated and high-quality private label allows Sam's Club to win some competitiveness. And in the context of economic growth and the COVID-19, consumers are more inclined to buy a larger quantity of goods for storage at a time, which also reflects the advantages of Sam's Club. On the other hand, Chinese policy will impose some restrictions on Sam's Club. Therefore, Sam's Club in the Chinese market needs to pay more attention to the Chinese government's policies on international supermarkets and actively adjust and innovate policies to enhance competitiveness and increase customer loyalty in line with international conditions.

Green food consumption intention, behaviors and influencing factors among Chinese consumers

Purpose - The Chinese government's policies and funds enable specialized farmers cooperatives to develop vigorously. However, the non-systematic...

The purpose of this study is to explore the Chinese government policies towards small businesses and the perspectives of the business owners on the implemented policies. The research adopts an in-depth interview with five business owners in Suzhou, China and the data collected from the interview are analysed by the SWOT method. Our findings reveal that businesses are satisfied with government intervention. However, over intervention may cause discouragement and may lead to the failure of businesses in China. In addition, the analysis of the findings reveals that most businesses require policy changes and policymakers should consider the weaknesses and opportunities for the future growth of the economy. Our paper provides a contribution to the literature of Chinese businesses and government policies, and helps the owners to understand the business context and challenges. The inability to investigate more entrepreneurs all over the country is the limitation of the study.

The purpose of this study is to explore the Chinese government policies towards small businesses and the perspectives of the business owners on the implemented policies. The research adopts an in-depth interview with five business owners in Suzhou, China and the data collected from the interview are analysed by the SWOT method. Our findings reveal that businesses are satisfied with government intervention. However, over intervention may cause discouragement and may lead to the failure of businesses in China. In addition, the analysis of the findings reveals that most businesses require policy changes and policymakers should consider the weaknesses and opportunities for the future growth of the economy. Our paper provides a contribution to the literature of Chinese businesses and government policies, and helps the owners to understand the business context and challenges. The inability to investigate more entrepreneurs all over the country is the limitation of the study.

The ‘attitude–behaviour gap’ or ‘values–action gap’ is where 30% of consumers report that they are very concerned about environmental issues but they are struggling to translate this into purchases. For example, the market share for ethical foods remains at 5 per cent of sales. This paper investigates the purchasing process for green consumers in relation to consumer technology products in the UK. Data were collected from 81 self‐declared green consumers through in depth interviews on recent purchases of technology products. A green consumer purchasing model and success criteria for closing the gap between green consumers' values and their behaviour are developed. The paper concludes that incentives and single issue labels (like the current energy rating label) would help consumers concentrate their limited efforts. More fundamentally, ‘being green’ needs time and space in people's lives that is not available in increasingly busy lifestyles. Implications for policy and business are proposed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.

Internal migration is a significant lever of influence on economic, political and social processes in many countries of the world. The purpose of the article is to study the role of state policy in the field of internal economic migration, as well as to compare its specific features on the example of a number of autonomous regions of the PRC. Chinese government policies have had a significant impact on internal economic migration patterns in Xinjiang AR and Ningxia AR. In both regions, the government encouraged migration from rural to urban areas. This led to the growth of urban areas in both regions and helped reduce poverty. The author concludes that migration in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is predominantly government-organized, in contrast to the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Chinese government policies have had mixed effects on internal economic migration in Xinjiang AR and Ningxia AR, they have helped reduce poverty and expand urban areas, but they have also led to some negative effects such as inter-ethnic tension and conflict.

Reducing carbon emissions is a basic policy long insisted on by the Chinese government, and the calculation of carbon footprint is of great application significance for reducing carbon emissions and realizing green consumption. Based on the multi-objective planning model this paper establishes a carbon footprint assessment model based on multi-objective planning from the economic, environmental, and social benefits of carbon footprint. It optimizes the particle swarm algorithm to solve the objective function of the carbon footprint multi-objective assessment model. The designed model is utilized in green consumption decision-making to forecast the carbon footprint and structure of green energy consumption in the future. The comparison shows that after the optimization of the carbon footprint assessment model based on multi-objective planning designed in this paper, the proportion of coal and oil consumption in the carbon footprint of energy consumption decreases by 1.2% and 0.5%, respectively, and the energy intensity can be optimized. The per capita carbon footprint of energy consumption of residents in eastern, central, and western China grows by 11.3%, 15.2%, and 2.7%, respectively, from 2024 to 2026. The carbon footprint of per capita energy consumption in the three regions is quite different. The results of the two projections show that the carbon footprint assessment model based on multi-objective planning designed in this paper is important for improving the energy consumption structure in different regions and realizing green consumption decisions.

With the rapid development of the economy, the problems of environmental pollution, climate change and resource exhaustion have become increasingly prominent. With the rapid development of the global economy, the problems of environmental pollution, climate change and resource exhaustion have become increasingly prominent. For these environment problems, the international community has put forward the development model of low-carbon economy, required every country to change their production and consumption patterns, reduce carbon emissions and protect the environment in recent years. Faced with the pressure of international community and the requirement of domestic sustainable development, Chinese government has proposed to reform deeply and drive by innovation, foster ecological culture, and adhere to the development of green and low-carbon cycles. The construction of ecological civilization should start from young people, start from the education of family and school, and comprehensively accelerate the transformation of the whole people into a diligent, green and low-carbon way. The number of Chinese college students with a college degree or above is 3,017.54 million in 2018. A large number of college students with high-level scientific and culture are easy to accept new things and more concerned about the fate of human beings. Therefore, researching on the influencing factors and driving mechanism of college students’ green consumption is not only helpful to guide and educate the college students’ green consumption, but also to explore and cultivate the potential main force and future leaders of green consumption. Currently, the research on green consumption focuses on the analysis of consumers’ subjective will variables, while it involves individual objective ability and external situational factors, but mostly ignores the interaction between them and subjective will. Because green consumption is affected by subjective and objective factors, internal and external factors, it is necessary to introduce individual subjective will, individual objective ability and external factors into the green consumption model at the same time. Firstly, through sorting out and comparing the relevant research theories, it found that interpersonal behavior theory, environmental literacy model, responsible environmental behavior theory, planned behavior theory, attitude-behavior-condition theory, and value-belief-norm theory are the six most influential environmental behavior models. This paper proposes an improved responsible environmental behavior model through appropriately adjusting Hines’ responsible environmental behavior model. In combination with the characteristics of Chinese College students, environmental emotion, environmental problem cognition, environmental responsibility, social cognition, vipassana control, utility values, objective ability, subjective will, face culture and policy incentives are selected as the main influencing factors of green consumption, which are divided into three groups: individual subjective will, individual objective ability and external situational factors according to the improved responsible environmental behavior model. Secondly, the sample data of the impact mechanism of green consumption of university students are obtained through the analysis of 812 valid questionnaires issued and retrieved by junior college students, undergraduate students and doctoral students from four university towns.This data was tested for reliability and validity test, correlation analysis, hierarchical regression, multiple regression and adjustment effect analysis by SPSS and Amos.

The Chinese automobile industry and government policy