Politeness Strategies of the Main Characters of Pride and Prejudice Movie

This study explores politeness strategies in conversations about transgender perspectives, using Brown and Levinson's (1987) framework. The research employed a qualitative method, analyzing recorded conversations between male and female participants discussing transgender issues from social and religious perspectives. The analysis identifies four main strategies: positive politeness, negative politeness, bald-on record, and off-record. Positive politeness was the most frequently used strategy, with male speakers employing it 14 times and female speakers 7 times, primarily through agreement, repetition, and joking. Negative politeness strategies appeared 10 times, equally distributed between genders, using indirectness and questions. Bald-on record strategies were used 14 times, mostly by female speakers, indicating their tendency for direct communication. The off-record strategy was minimally used, occurring only once by a male speaker. The study finds that participants' close relationships and shared knowledge facilitated the frequent use of positive politeness and bald-on record strategies. Notably, male speakers were more polite, often using positive politeness, while female speakers were more direct and explicit, especially on sensitive topics. This research highlights the influence of social dynamics and cultural norms on politeness strategies in discussions about transgender issues.

Soon, autonomous cars are expected to become widespread, but at present, it is still common for people to drive cars manually. A driving support agent (DSA) is used to support driving using the human-agent interaction approach. In previous research, it was shown that DSAs can be useful in assisting the user through voice utterances. However, previous studies focusing on DSA utterance design have not compared off-record strategies with other politeness strategies that explicitly communicate the speaker's intentions, and it was not clear whether DSA should provide explicit utterances to the user. Therefore, in this study, a video-based subjective evaluation experiment (n=240) was conducted to compare the acceptability of off-record strategies, positive politeness strategies, negative politeness strategies, and direct utterances without politeness strategies. The results of the experiment showed that the negative politeness strategy was evaluated significantly higher than the off-record strategy on evaluation items related to functionality. This result suggests the usefulness of providing explicit instructions with linguistic consideration (politeness) when DSA provides driving assistance to users. In addition to the above findings, there were several correlations between the user's personality characteristics and the subjective evaluation of the DSA. Specifically, there was a significant positive correlation between the level of conscientiousness of the user and the direct utterance evaluation value. For the positive politeness strategy and off-record strategy, there were no significant correlations between evaluation categories of the dislikeability and users' personality characteristics. These results suggest that individual differences in n egative impressions due to personality characteristics are small in the positive politeness and off-record strategies.

This study investigates the politeness strategies employed by the main characters in The Garfield Movie from a pragmatic perspective, using Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness theory as the analytical framework. By analyzing selected dialogues, the research identifies four main types of politeness strategies: bald on record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off-record strategies. The findings reveal that positive politeness strategies are predominantly used to maintain social harmony and express friendliness, while bald on record strategies reflect the characters’ directness and humor. Negative politeness strategies appear less frequently, mainly to mitigate impositions and show respect, and off-record strategies serve to convey subtlety and indirectness, often adding comedic effect. The study highlights how these strategies align with the characters’ personalities and relationships, contributing to effective communication and audience engagement. The implications of this research extend to pragmatic theory, language teaching, media scriptwriting, and intercultural communication, emphasizing the value of media texts as authentic sources for pragmatic learning and analysis.

This research focused on analysing the politeness strategies in online teachers' and students' virtual classroom interaction at SMPN 16 Cirebon. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to explain the use of positive politeness strategies, negative politeness strategies, bald-on-record strategies, and off-record strategies and the relationship among the politeness strategies in teacher-students virtual classroom interaction in the online teaching-learning process at SMPN 16 Cirebon. The data were collected by using observation with recording and note-taking. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis, Braun and Clarke's theory. The finding showed that positive politeness, negative politeness, bald-on-record, and off-record strategies exist in virtual classroom interaction. The teachers used positive politeness to engage students' attention and build a comfortable situation in the online virtual classroom. At the same time, students used it to respect the teacher before conveying their questions or answering their opinions. The students and teachers use bald-on-record to communicate their feelings in an emergency. Students used off-record to avoid the teacher's questions, while the teacher used it to build the student's thoughts in the beginning activities. All the strategies correlate and impact creating an atmosphere or situation in online virtual classroom interaction.

This study deals with Politeness Strategies Used in Javanese Wedding Ceremony. The objectives of the study were to identify types of Politeness strategies and the pattern of strategies used in Javanese wedding ceremony. The approach used in this study are based on Politeness theory by Brown and Levinson (1987); Bald on record, Positive politeness, Negative politeness and Off-record strategy. This study employed descriptive qualitative design. The data were the transcriptions of recorded observation and interview. The data were taken from observation using audio visual recorder in Javanese wedding ceremony of Dina Wagiani and Oman Syahputra especially in some events which were Peningsetan (17th March 2012), Midodaremi (14th April 2012), Panggih (15th April 2012) dan Sungkeman (15th April 2012) that are held in Medan located at Jl. Marelan II Pasar IV, Kelurahan Rengas Pulau, Kecamatan Medan Marelan. The finding showed that all the types of Politeness strategies were applied in Javanese wedding ceremony. The percentage of positive politeness was 54.21%, bald- on record was 33.16%, negative politeness was 8.95% and off-record was 3.68%. The most dominant type of politeness strategies used was positive politeness strategy. It was used because Javanese people try to satisfy the hearer and avoid conflicts with other people. They also applied it to make both families get closer each other, so there was no distance between them. They endeavor to maintain social harmony and solidarity between bride‘s family and bridegroom‘s family during wedding ceremony.

This research is a descriptive study on the use of politeness strategy in movie. The researcher used a descriptive qualitative approach. This research focused on describing politeness strategies used by the main characters of Aladdin movie. The data were analyzed from conversation script in form of utterance. The researchers used analysis method by Miles and Huberman, namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The research results showed that the types of politeness strategies used by the four main characters in the film Aladdin are the bald-on record strategy, positive politeness strategies, negative politeness strategies, and off-record strategies. Bald on record is the most widely used. It appeared 11 times (37%). It is followed by positive politeness which are uttered 7 times (23%) and off record which are also uttered 7 times (23%). The forth is negative politeness that uttered 5 times (17%). The researcher suggest to the English teachers to use Aladdin movie as teaching resource for politeness strategy. The researcher also suggested to the students could apply the politeness strategy in their life especially with the teachers and mates during learning process. For the further researcher, there are many aspects which can be analyzed about Pragmatics including politeness strategy. The reseracher suggests to the other researchers to analyze other aspects of Pragmatics in different works.

This study aims to analyze the politeness strategies employed by teachers during the learning process at the Bilingual Community School. Teacher communication in the classroom is significantly influenced by the use of polite utterances, especially in a bilingual setting where both linguistic and cultural differences shape the dynamics of interaction. This research uses a qualitative method, with data collected through direct observation and audio recordings of teacher utterances during classroom activities. The subjects of the study were reception class teachers actively engaged in bilingual instruction. The findings identified 12 teacher utterances applying various politeness strategies, such as positive politeness, negative politeness, bald on-record, and off-record strategies. These strategies were not used arbitrarily but were adapted to align with learning objectives, classroom management goals, and situational context. The study highlights how politeness strategies enhance teacher-student rapport, classroom engagement, and the overall effectiveness of communication in a multilingual educational environment, providing insight for educators in similar contexts.

This study deals with the politeness strategies of directive utterance used by the host of Satu Jam Lebih Dekat Talk Show on TV One. This study employs qualitative design which aims at describing the politeness strategy of directive utterance used by the host. The strategy of politeness is related to those proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987); Bald on record strategy, Positive politeness, Negative politeness, and Off-record strategy. Directive utterance is related to those proposed by Vanderveken (1990); there are 56 types of directive utterances. The subject is the host as the interviewer in three episodes who participated in this research. The results show that the host expresses her directive utterances in request, questions, interrogates, urge, invite, and cautions. The host applied the four types of politeness strategies to relate directive utterances as politeness strategies stated by Brown and Levinson they are (1) bald on record, (2) positive politeness, (3) negative politeness, (4) off record. The most type is question (30%) as positive politeness. It is caused by the host wants to give questions respects the H’s negative face want and will not (or will only minimally) interfere with the H’s freedom of action. Keywords: politeness strategies, directive utterances

In every place have some unwritten rules depend on the countries, beside people use a language, they use a politeness also. Politeness is important thing that people must know when they communicate with other people and make a polite conversation. Politeness strategies are used to formulate messages in order to save hearer’s face when face-threatening acts are invitable or desire. Brown and Levinson stated four main types of politeness strategies: bald on-record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off-record (indirect). In this study is intended to analyze politeness strategies that used by characters in “The Big Wedding Movie”.  There is a problem that is discussed in this study (1) what politeness strategies are used on “The Big Wedding Movie”? (2) why do characters in “The Big Wedding Movie” use politeness strategies?  This analysis focus on the politeness strategies that used by characters in the conversation of “The Big Wedding Movie”. The researcher applied the qualitative research and used descriptive methods in this study because all data are in the form of words. Meanwhile, the type of the research is content analysis because it intended to analyze the content of the data which are in the form of movie script to find the politeness stretegies. When analyze the data, the researcher used the theory of Brown and Levinson about politeness strategies. Based on the result of the analysis, it is found that there are eighty six utterances that use four politeness strategies. They are bald on-record with twenty nine utterances, positive politeness with thirty eight utterances, negative politeness with ten utterances, and off-record with twelve utterances. The most frequently used politeness is positive politeness, bald on-record, off-record, and the less frequently used is negative politeness. For supporting the study, the researcher needed source of the theories related to politeness strategies such as : bald on-record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off-record (indirect). From the findings, the researcher expected that the result of this study will useful for English learners to get the information from politeness strategies found in the movie of “The Big Wedding Movie”.

Politeness strategy is a technique used by someone to speak more courteously. Conversations in a daily life and arguments often use polite communication strategies. The 2024 presidential and vice-presidential debates are the debates that are interesting to investigate in this study. This study aims to characterize the politeness strategies employed by Ganjar Pranowo and Mahfud MD during the presidential and vice-presidential debates. This study employed the politeness strategies developed by Brown and Levinson (1978), which categorizes politeness strategies into four types: Off Record (OR), Bald-On Record (BOR), Positive Politeness (PP), and Negative Politeness (NP). The findings of this study show that in the presidential and vice-presidential debates, Ganjar Pranowo and Mahfud MD employ three different kinds of politeness strategies. The most prominent politeness strategy is Positive Politeness (56.5%). Other politeness strategies are Bald-On Record (30.4%) and Negative Politeness (13%). It can be concluded that Ganjar Pranowo and Mahfud MD mostly use Positive Politeness in delivering their speech for presidential and vice-presidential debates.

The purpose of this study is to explore and describe the role of cooperative principles and politeness strategies in forming phatic speech acts in women's communication on Facebook. This research is qualitative research. This study applies an ethnographic approach. The data type used is qualitative in words, sentences, photographs, documents, journals, and articles. The primary data in this study is the speech of women who are divided into categories, namely adult women and adolescents. The data collection techniques are interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique used the ethnographic analysis model introduced by Spradley. The research results show that adult women implement the cooperative principles of relevance maxims and quality maxims. They also violate the cooperative principles of relevance maxim, quality maxim, and quantity maxim, while the politeness strategy applies positive politeness strategies. Negative politeness strategy, off-record strategy, and bald on-record strategies. The findings that adult women have analyzed tend to apply the maxim of relevance, violate the principle of cooperation of relevance, and use positive politeness strategies. Teenagers use phatic speech acts by applying the principles of relevance and method cooperation, violating the maxims of relevance, quantity, and quality and using positive politeness and bald off-record strategies. Overall, dominant adolescents perform phatic speech acts by applying the maxim of manner, violating the maxim of relevance, and using positive politeness strategies.

The research analyzed the use of positive and negative politeness strategies in the Interview videos of ASIAN BOSS and BONDO WANI. Both of these videos discuss about the sensitive topic in Indonesia. This research applies descriptive qualitative method. Then, the utterances in these two videos transcribed and analyzed descriptively by politeness theory of Brown and Levinson (1978). The data taken contain positive and negative politeness strategies. In collecting the data, the researcher applies some steps: watching the interview videos for several times, taking note the conversation, and observes the conversation that highly applies positive and negative politeness strategies within the interview. The results of the study showed that BONDO WANI with the host is Dono Pradana and the people from Surabaya as the hearer used positive politeness strategies more than ASIAN BOSS and ASIAN BOSS with the interviewer and the interviwees are from Jakarta used negative politeness strategies than BONDO WANI based on Brown and Levinson (1978) theory. There were 107 utterances that can be categorized as negative politeness and positive politeness strategy. There are 37 data from negative politeness that showed by both ASIAN BOSS and BONDO WANI and 70 data from positive politeness strategies applied based on ASIAN BOSS and BONDO WANI. This research is expected can be beneficial to people who intend to understand particularly that even In Indonesia has various tribes with various languages in it.

The study deals with the types of politeness strategies used by the main character in a letter to Juliet movie . The objectives of study are to find out type of politeness strategies used by the main character in a letter to Juliet movie, to derive the dominant type of politeness strategy that is produced by the main character in a letter to Juliet movie and to elaborate the context of politeness strategies used by the main character in a letter to Juliet movie . The data are dialogue of the main character in a letter to Juliet movie . This research is conducted by using descriptive qualitative design and only focused on the main character. The research findings are positive and negative politeness strategies. There are fifteen strategies of positive politeness and twelve strategies of negative politeness in a letter to Juliet movie. The most dominant politeness strategy uttered by the main character in a letter to Juliet movie was positive politeness strategy. Among them is intensify interest to hearer is dominant type of positive politeness strategy. This type of politeness strategy occurred since character mostly just shared about her experience and inform to other. Keywords : Politeness strategies, positive politeness strategies, negative politeness strategies

This study analyzed face threatening acts (FTAs) used by the main character in the movie titled The Half of It, focusing on (i) the types of the FTAs and (ii) how the FTAs are used by the main character. The data came from all utterances (words, phrases, clauses, sentences) produced by the main character. A pragmatic theory of FTAs from Brown and Levinson was applied to analyze the data qualitatively. Four types of FTAs are found in this study. The first type is “threatening the hearer’s negative face”, which was embedded in specific acts used by the main character, namely Suggestion, Threat, Reminding, Order, Warning, and Compliment. The second type is, “threatening the speaker’s negative face”, which is followed by such acts as Response to the hearer’s faux pas, Excuses, and Acceptance of offers. The third type is, “threatening the hearer’s positive face” with the acts of Criticism, Insults, Disagreement, Ridicule, Reprimand, Disapproval, Irreverence, Complaints, and Accusations. The last type of the FTAs is “threatening the speaker’s positive face” by using Confession, Emotion leakage, Physical control over the body, Apology, and Acting stupid. Finally, the FTAs enacted in the utterances of the main character are minimized by means of applying the politeness strategies. It has been discovered that the main character used the four types of politeness strategy that were positive politeness, negative politeness, bald on-record, and off-record strategy.

Requests and refusals are well-acknowledged as challenging speech acts even when realized in native interactions owing to their intrinsic nature of being facethreatening. It is therefore conceivable that producing such social responses would be an arduous task for foreign language learners. Against this background, the present study set out with an aim to examine the politeness in the production of and perception of requests and refusals by six secondary-level EFL learners in Hong Kong under different degrees of social distance and social status, with prospective English teachers and native speakers as the control group. A discourse-completion task and a survey served as the instruments to elicit quantitative data. Results were analyzed with reference to Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness theory, which proposes four types of politeness strategies, namely bald on-record, positive politeness, negative politeness and off-record strategy. Findings suggested that intermediate learners had an overuse of direct strategy to threaten both positive and negative face of interlocutors, while advanced learners were reported to be too conventionally indirect in general. Plausible explanation was the insufficient coverage of certain topics at schools. The paper hence demands educational adjustment in relevant aspects to improve learners’ pragmatic performance.