Politeness Strategies in Conversations about Transgender Perspectives: A Gender-Based Analysis

The aim of this paper is to compare the politeness strategies in the English version of the animated cartoon Angelo Rules with those in the dubbed Arabic version, focusing on whether the different cultures have an effect on the politeness strategies used. The data for the analysis came from four episodes in English and four episodes in Arabic that were identical to the English episodes, and the analysis was based on Brown and Levinson’s framework. The study examined the use of positive politeness, negative politeness and bald on-record strategies by the characters. The findings revealed the existence of positive politeness, negative politeness and bald on-record strategies, which were found in nearly all the English and Arabic episodes analysed. Positive politeness (in particular, exaggerating interest and including both the speaker and hearer in the activity) and bald on-record strategies were the most commonly used in the selected data. Furthermore, no significant difference in politeness strategies used was found between the four English episodes and the same episodes dubbed into Arabic.

In conversations, people tend to speak politely to keep their interlocutors’ feelings so the conversation can be maintained in harmony. They follow several rules and principles that already exist in society. They apply politeness strategies so that the communication can run effectively. This study aims to discover the politeness strategies performed by the main characters of Pride and Prejudice movie and explain the pattern of different types of strategies used in the movie. The data were taken from the movie’s transcript as the primary source. A descriptive qualitative method was used to analyze politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson. Based on the analysis, the politeness strategies were used by the main characters of Pride and Prejudice movie. The types of politeness strategies employed are bald-on record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off-record strategy. The most frequent strategy was positive politeness which occurred 98 times from 149 data. The patterns of politeness strategies applied are in declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory sentences. All types of sentences contain bald-on record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off-record strategies. By using politeness strategies, people appreciate their interlocutors so that the conversation will be well-maintained. Besides, this study contributes to English language teaching in comprehending cross-cultural understanding (CCU) through the movie, especially in western culture.

This research is a descriptive study on the use of politeness strategy in movie. The researcher used a descriptive qualitative approach. This research focused on describing politeness strategies used by the main characters of Aladdin movie. The data were analyzed from conversation script in form of utterance. The researchers used analysis method by Miles and Huberman, namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The research results showed that the types of politeness strategies used by the four main characters in the film Aladdin are the bald-on record strategy, positive politeness strategies, negative politeness strategies, and off-record strategies. Bald on record is the most widely used. It appeared 11 times (37%). It is followed by positive politeness which are uttered 7 times (23%) and off record which are also uttered 7 times (23%). The forth is negative politeness that uttered 5 times (17%). The researcher suggest to the English teachers to use Aladdin movie as teaching resource for politeness strategy. The researcher also suggested to the students could apply the politeness strategy in their life especially with the teachers and mates during learning process. For the further researcher, there are many aspects which can be analyzed about Pragmatics including politeness strategy. The reseracher suggests to the other researchers to analyze other aspects of Pragmatics in different works.

The purpose of this study is to explore and describe the role of cooperative principles and politeness strategies in forming phatic speech acts in women's communication on Facebook. This research is qualitative research. This study applies an ethnographic approach. The data type used is qualitative in words, sentences, photographs, documents, journals, and articles. The primary data in this study is the speech of women who are divided into categories, namely adult women and adolescents. The data collection techniques are interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique used the ethnographic analysis model introduced by Spradley. The research results show that adult women implement the cooperative principles of relevance maxims and quality maxims. They also violate the cooperative principles of relevance maxim, quality maxim, and quantity maxim, while the politeness strategy applies positive politeness strategies. Negative politeness strategy, off-record strategy, and bald on-record strategies. The findings that adult women have analyzed tend to apply the maxim of relevance, violate the principle of cooperation of relevance, and use positive politeness strategies. Teenagers use phatic speech acts by applying the principles of relevance and method cooperation, violating the maxims of relevance, quantity, and quality and using positive politeness and bald off-record strategies. Overall, dominant adolescents perform phatic speech acts by applying the maxim of manner, violating the maxim of relevance, and using positive politeness strategies.

This study investigates the politeness strategies employed by the main characters in The Garfield Movie from a pragmatic perspective, using Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness theory as the analytical framework. By analyzing selected dialogues, the research identifies four main types of politeness strategies: bald on record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off-record strategies. The findings reveal that positive politeness strategies are predominantly used to maintain social harmony and express friendliness, while bald on record strategies reflect the characters’ directness and humor. Negative politeness strategies appear less frequently, mainly to mitigate impositions and show respect, and off-record strategies serve to convey subtlety and indirectness, often adding comedic effect. The study highlights how these strategies align with the characters’ personalities and relationships, contributing to effective communication and audience engagement. The implications of this research extend to pragmatic theory, language teaching, media scriptwriting, and intercultural communication, emphasizing the value of media texts as authentic sources for pragmatic learning and analysis.

Politeness is defined as a way to show awareness of another person’s public self-image. This research is a pragmatic study on politeness strategies stated by the main characters in The SpongeBob Movie: sponge on the run. The objectives of this research are to identify the types of politeness strategies employed by the main characters in The SpongeBob Movie: sponge on the run. This research used qualitative descriptive approach. The data used in this study were in the form of utterances which contain politeness strategies. The data source was The SpongeBob Movie: sponge on the run script. The data were collected by note-taking technique then they were classified and analyzed. The results of the research are showing that there are four types of politeness strategies employed by the main characters in The SpongeBob Movie: sponge on the run when having conversation such as Bald-on record strategy, Positive politeness strategy, Negative politeness strategy, and Off record strategy. Negative politeness is applied in as many as 7 times (35 %) by the main characters. At is followed by positive politeness strategy is applied as many 6 (30%) times the same as Bald-on Record strategy which is also occurred 6 (30%) times. On the other hand, Off-Record strategy is the least strategy applied by the main characters, it occurs once out of 20 (5 %).

Soon, autonomous cars are expected to become widespread, but at present, it is still common for people to drive cars manually. A driving support agent (DSA) is used to support driving using the human-agent interaction approach. In previous research, it was shown that DSAs can be useful in assisting the user through voice utterances. However, previous studies focusing on DSA utterance design have not compared off-record strategies with other politeness strategies that explicitly communicate the speaker's intentions, and it was not clear whether DSA should provide explicit utterances to the user. Therefore, in this study, a video-based subjective evaluation experiment (n=240) was conducted to compare the acceptability of off-record strategies, positive politeness strategies, negative politeness strategies, and direct utterances without politeness strategies. The results of the experiment showed that the negative politeness strategy was evaluated significantly higher than the off-record strategy on evaluation items related to functionality. This result suggests the usefulness of providing explicit instructions with linguistic consideration (politeness) when DSA provides driving assistance to users. In addition to the above findings, there were several correlations between the user's personality characteristics and the subjective evaluation of the DSA. Specifically, there was a significant positive correlation between the level of conscientiousness of the user and the direct utterance evaluation value. For the positive politeness strategy and off-record strategy, there were no significant correlations between evaluation categories of the dislikeability and users' personality characteristics. These results suggest that individual differences in n egative impressions due to personality characteristics are small in the positive politeness and off-record strategies.

This research focused on analysing the politeness strategies in online teachers' and students' virtual classroom interaction at SMPN 16 Cirebon. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to explain the use of positive politeness strategies, negative politeness strategies, bald-on-record strategies, and off-record strategies and the relationship among the politeness strategies in teacher-students virtual classroom interaction in the online teaching-learning process at SMPN 16 Cirebon. The data were collected by using observation with recording and note-taking. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis, Braun and Clarke's theory. The finding showed that positive politeness, negative politeness, bald-on-record, and off-record strategies exist in virtual classroom interaction. The teachers used positive politeness to engage students' attention and build a comfortable situation in the online virtual classroom. At the same time, students used it to respect the teacher before conveying their questions or answering their opinions. The students and teachers use bald-on-record to communicate their feelings in an emergency. Students used off-record to avoid the teacher's questions, while the teacher used it to build the student's thoughts in the beginning activities. All the strategies correlate and impact creating an atmosphere or situation in online virtual classroom interaction.

The research analyzed the use of positive and negative politeness strategies in the Interview videos of ASIAN BOSS and BONDO WANI. Both of these videos discuss about the sensitive topic in Indonesia. This research applies descriptive qualitative method. Then, the utterances in these two videos transcribed and analyzed descriptively by politeness theory of Brown and Levinson (1978). The data taken contain positive and negative politeness strategies. In collecting the data, the researcher applies some steps: watching the interview videos for several times, taking note the conversation, and observes the conversation that highly applies positive and negative politeness strategies within the interview. The results of the study showed that BONDO WANI with the host is Dono Pradana and the people from Surabaya as the hearer used positive politeness strategies more than ASIAN BOSS and ASIAN BOSS with the interviewer and the interviwees are from Jakarta used negative politeness strategies than BONDO WANI based on Brown and Levinson (1978) theory. There were 107 utterances that can be categorized as negative politeness and positive politeness strategy. There are 37 data from negative politeness that showed by both ASIAN BOSS and BONDO WANI and 70 data from positive politeness strategies applied based on ASIAN BOSS and BONDO WANI. This research is expected can be beneficial to people who intend to understand particularly that even In Indonesia has various tribes with various languages in it.

The study deals with the types of politeness strategies used by the main character in a letter to Juliet movie . The objectives of study are to find out type of politeness strategies used by the main character in a letter to Juliet movie, to derive the dominant type of politeness strategy that is produced by the main character in a letter to Juliet movie and to elaborate the context of politeness strategies used by the main character in a letter to Juliet movie . The data are dialogue of the main character in a letter to Juliet movie . This research is conducted by using descriptive qualitative design and only focused on the main character. The research findings are positive and negative politeness strategies. There are fifteen strategies of positive politeness and twelve strategies of negative politeness in a letter to Juliet movie. The most dominant politeness strategy uttered by the main character in a letter to Juliet movie was positive politeness strategy. Among them is intensify interest to hearer is dominant type of positive politeness strategy. This type of politeness strategy occurred since character mostly just shared about her experience and inform to other. Keywords : Politeness strategies, positive politeness strategies, negative politeness strategies

This study deals with Politeness Strategies Used in Javanese Wedding Ceremony. The objectives of the study were to identify types of Politeness strategies and the pattern of strategies used in Javanese wedding ceremony. The approach used in this study are based on Politeness theory by Brown and Levinson (1987); Bald on record, Positive politeness, Negative politeness and Off-record strategy. This study employed descriptive qualitative design. The data were the transcriptions of recorded observation and interview. The data were taken from observation using audio visual recorder in Javanese wedding ceremony of Dina Wagiani and Oman Syahputra especially in some events which were Peningsetan (17th March 2012), Midodaremi (14th April 2012), Panggih (15th April 2012) dan Sungkeman (15th April 2012) that are held in Medan located at Jl. Marelan II Pasar IV, Kelurahan Rengas Pulau, Kecamatan Medan Marelan. The finding showed that all the types of Politeness strategies were applied in Javanese wedding ceremony. The percentage of positive politeness was 54.21%, bald- on record was 33.16%, negative politeness was 8.95% and off-record was 3.68%. The most dominant type of politeness strategies used was positive politeness strategy. It was used because Javanese people try to satisfy the hearer and avoid conflicts with other people. They also applied it to make both families get closer each other, so there was no distance between them. They endeavor to maintain social harmony and solidarity between bride‘s family and bridegroom‘s family during wedding ceremony.

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The objectives of this study were to identify types of politeness strategies, to examine the differences of politeness patterns used by different gender and to see how the politeness strategies imply in the culture of “indirectness” a culture of Javanese who avoid being direct to utter something which were reflected in Javanese indirect speech acts in request. The approach used in this study are based on politeness theory of Brown & Levinson (1987); Bald-on record, Positive, Negative, and Off Record. This study employed descriptive qualitative design. The data were the transcription of recorded observation and interview using audiovisual recorder in Javanese social interaction in doing business transaction at “PasarRebo”, a traditional market in Deli Serdang, North Sumatera. The politeness strategies used were bald-on record strategy, positive politeness strategy and negative politeness strategy. Different strategies were performed by different gender; male dominantly used bald-on record strategy while female dominantly used positive politeness strategy. The realization of Javanese indirect speech acts used by female established an indirect correlation to politeness strategies and the culture of “indirectness” in Javanese. The realization of these politeness strategies by the speakers were aimed to minimize Face Threatening Acts to endeavor a harmony in social interaction. Keywords: Gender; Indirect speech act; Politeness strategiesement if they were taught by using TBL model.

This study deals with the politeness strategies of directive utterance used by the host of Satu Jam Lebih Dekat Talk Show on TV One. This study employs qualitative design which aims at describing the politeness strategy of directive utterance used by the host. The strategy of politeness is related to those proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987); Bald on record strategy, Positive politeness, Negative politeness, and Off-record strategy. Directive utterance is related to those proposed by Vanderveken (1990); there are 56 types of directive utterances. The subject is the host as the interviewer in three episodes who participated in this research. The results show that the host expresses her directive utterances in request, questions, interrogates, urge, invite, and cautions. The host applied the four types of politeness strategies to relate directive utterances as politeness strategies stated by Brown and Levinson they are (1) bald on record, (2) positive politeness, (3) negative politeness, (4) off record. The most type is question (30%) as positive politeness. It is caused by the host wants to give questions respects the H’s negative face want and will not (or will only minimally) interfere with the H’s freedom of action. Keywords: politeness strategies, directive utterances

This study aims to analyze the politeness strategies employed by teachers during the learning process at the Bilingual Community School. Teacher communication in the classroom is significantly influenced by the use of polite utterances, especially in a bilingual setting where both linguistic and cultural differences shape the dynamics of interaction. This research uses a qualitative method, with data collected through direct observation and audio recordings of teacher utterances during classroom activities. The subjects of the study were reception class teachers actively engaged in bilingual instruction. The findings identified 12 teacher utterances applying various politeness strategies, such as positive politeness, negative politeness, bald on-record, and off-record strategies. These strategies were not used arbitrarily but were adapted to align with learning objectives, classroom management goals, and situational context. The study highlights how politeness strategies enhance teacher-student rapport, classroom engagement, and the overall effectiveness of communication in a multilingual educational environment, providing insight for educators in similar contexts.