Policy and Strategy for Sustainable Water Management in Banjarmasin City

Sustainable water management is critical for airports as they consume substantial volumes of water to maintain their infrastructure and operations. Airports also generate large volumes of surface and waste waters. The aim of this study was to examine Copenhagen Airport’s sustainable water management strategies and systems from 2006 to 2016. The study used a longitudinal qualitative research design. The annual water consumption at Copenhagen Airport has risen from 2006 to 2016 in line with the increased passenger volumes and aircraft movements. Drinking water is sourced from the Taarnby and Dragør municipal water works. Non-potable water is used wherever possible and is sourced from a local remedial drilling. Copenhagen Airport uses two separate sewer systems for handling surface and wastewater. These waters are not discharged to same system due to their different nature. To mitigate environmental risks and impacts on soil, water, and local communities; the quality of drinking, ground, and surface water are regularly monitored. The airport has implemented various water saving initiatives, such as, an aquifer thermal energy system, to reduce water consumption. The strategies, systems, and the water-saving initiatives have successfully underpinned Copenhagen Airport’s sustainable water management.

The business risks experienced by clean water companies include losses and decreased loyalty of water users. This risk occurs due to the absence of accountability, reliability, and transparency in sustainable clean water management. It can be overcome by implementing water accounting. This narrative review explains a sustainable water management model using a water accounting approach. The narrative review method consists of compilation, tabulation, comparison of research results, and summarizing. The literature review study collected articles from accredited journal sites (Sinta, Emerald, Science Direct). After searching for research keywords criteria, 29 articles were taken as samples. The results show that water accounting, in addition to reducing business risk for clean water service providers, also supports sustainable water management. Water accounting components such as gross inflow, net inflow, available water, water depletion, and outflow provide transparent and accountable information. The components of water accounting can analyze water use, scarcity, and productivity to predict the need for clean water because the amount of water discharge produced and used in one day can be known with certainty. Management and community commitment are needed to realize sustainable groundwater use conservation to ensure that the community enjoys the long-term supply of clean water.

Biochar has been put forward as a potential technology that could help achieve sustainable water management in agriculture through its ability to increase water holding capacity in soils. Despite this opportunity, there are still a limited number of studies, especially in vulnerable regions like the tropics, quantifying the impacts of biochar on soil water storage and characterizing the impacts of biochar additions on plant water composition. To address this critical gap, we present a case study using stable water isotopes and hydrometric data from melon production in tropical agriculture to explore the hydrological impacts of biochar as a soil amendment. Results from our 10-week growing season experiment in Costa Rica under drip irrigation demonstrated an average increase in volumetric soil moisture content of about 10% with an average moisture content of 25.4 cm3 cm−3 versus 23.1 cm3 cm−3, respectively, for biochar amended plots compared with control plots. Further, there was a reduction in the variability of soil matric potential for biochar amended plots compared with control plots. Our isotopic investigation demonstrated that for both biochar and control plots, there was a consistent increase (or enrichment) in isotopic composition for plant materials moving from the roots, where the average δ18O was −8.1‰ and the average δ2H was −58.5‰ across all plots and samples, up through the leaves, where the average δ18O was 4.3‰ and the average δ2H was 0.1‰ across all plots and samples. However, as there was no discernible difference in isotopic composition for plant water samples when comparing across biochar and control plots, we find that biochar did not alter the composition of water found in the melon plant material, indicating that biochar and plants are not competing for the same water sources. In addition, and through the holistic lens of sustainability, biochar additions allowed locally sourced feedstock carbon to be directly sequestered into the soil while improving soil water availability without jeopardizing production for the melon crop. Given that most of the expansion and intensification of global agricultural production over the next several decades will take place in the tropics and that the variability of tropical water cycling is expected to increase due to climate change, biochar amendments could offer a pathway forward towards sustainable tropical agricultural water management.

The gap between water supply and demand is increasing in several urban clusters of the world. This study uses the water evaluation and planning model to assess the water supply and demand dynamics in one of the large metropolitan regions of the Chennai hydrological basin. The primary water supply sources, including reservoirs, groundwater, inter-basin transfer, and desalination plants, were integrated into the model to simulate the current and future water demand and supply scenario. Three rainfall scenarios (excess, normal, and deficit) were utilized to assess their impacts on water supply. The study highlights the increase in unmet demand for normal and deficit rainfall scenarios. In response, various mitigation options were explored, including increasing groundwater recharge, reservoir capacity enhancement, water treatment plant expansion, additional storage, and utilization of water stored in rock quarries. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to develop sustainable water management strategies in the Chennai Basin.

Water scarcity and ineffective water utilisation in agriculture provide considerable obstacles to global food security and environmental sustainability. This study investigates the amalgamation of wastewater treatment and IoT-enabled automated irrigation systems as pioneering approaches for sustainable water management in agriculture. Farmers can diminish reliance on freshwater by treating and reusing wastewater, while IoT-enabled irrigation systems enhance water utilisation via real-time monitoring, data analysis, and precise control. This study assesses the technical, economic, and environmental advantages of integrating various technologies, emphasising their capacity to improve water efficiency, crop productivity, and resource conservation. Case studies and experimental findings illustrate the efficacy of IoT-enabled devices in minimising water waste and enhancing irrigation scheduling. The report also examines the obstacles to using these technologies, including as expenses, infrastructure, and farmer uptake. The results highlight the revolutionary potential of combining wastewater treatment with IoT-based irrigation to attain sustainable agricultural practices, enhance water conservation, and facilitate the shift towards a circular economy in agriculture. This study offers practical insights for policymakers, agricultural stakeholders, and technology developers to further scalable and sustainable water management strategies.

Nepal, with its diverse topography spanning the Tarai Hills and the Himalayas faces unique challenges in water governance. The federal structure of Nepal, comprising 7 provinces and 753 local levels, plays a crucial role in implementing strategies for sustainable water management and achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) targets. Water resources in Nepal stimulate the economy, supporting agriculture, hydropower, and fostering sustainability. This study focuses on the status, progress, and challenges in providing access to clean water, sanitation, and hygiene in alignment with SDG 6 in Nepal. Despite notable advancements, with 95.47% of households in 2021 having sanitation facilities, only 56.97% relied on tap/piped water. Challenges include inadequate water supply systems, climate-induced disasters, and coordination gaps among the three tiers of the Government. Enhancing governance mechanisms and aligning initiatives with SDG 6 are crucial strategies for achieving both national and global targets and involve focusing on stakeholder collaboration to ensure equitable water and sanitation access, as outlined in the Constitution of Nepal 2015 (Articles 30, 35) and in governance structures (Schedules 5–9). Implementing national water policies, establishing regulatory bodies, and promoting community-driven management are essential steps. Additionally, addressing institutional fragmentation and fostering hydro-diplomatic relations with neighbouring countries are vital. Enhanced financial support and capacity-building efforts are also necessary. By prioritizing sustainable water management, Nepal can achieve its SDG 6 goals by 2030.

Smart water management, driven by the integration of photovoltaic (PV)- powered pumps and the Internet of Things (IoT), represents a revolutionary approach to address the challenges of sustainable water resource management. This chapter explores the concept of "Smart Water Management: PV-Powered Pumps and IoT Integration," highlighting the transformative potential of combining solar energy with intelligent data-driven decision-making in water pumping systems. The chapter begins by tracing the evolution of water management practices, emphasizing the need for more sustainable and efficient approaches in the face of increasing water demands, population growth, and climate change. According to the United Nations World Water Development Report 2021, an estimated 2.2 billion people lack access to safely managed drinking water services, underscoring the urgency of sustainable water management solutions. It then focuses on the advantages of PV-powered pumps over conventional fossil fuel-based alternatives, including reduced carbon emissions, cost- effectiveness, and energy independence. Advancements in PV technology and its potential applications in smart water management are also discussed. The World Health Organization estimates that around 485,000 people die each year from diarrhea, primarily due to unsafe drinking water and poor sanitation, highlighting the need for improved water quality monitoring and management. The pivotal role of the Internet of Things in smart water management is explored, highlighting how IoT integrationelevates water pumping systems to new levels of intelligence and efficiency. Real- time data collection, remote monitoring, predictive maintenance, and adaptive control mechanisms empower stakeholders with valuable insights for optimizing water usage and ensuring system reliability. Efficient water distribution and consumption, critical elements of smart water management, are addressed through IoT-enabled sensors and data analytics. Case studies demonstrate successful implementations of IoT-driven smart water distribution projects across various sectors. The chapter also delves into how IoT- enabled water quality monitoring enhances safety and supports environmental conservation efforts. Smart water management's impact on resilience and disaster management is examined, showcasing its ability to facilitate rapid response and recovery during emergencies. A study by the International Energy Agency (IEA) indicates that the deployment of solar PV for water pumping applications has the potential to save around3.6 billion liters of diesel fuel and avoid nearly 10 million tonnes of CO2emissions annually by 2030.Furthermore, the integration of PV-powered pumps with urban infrastructure and smart grids is explored to optimize water resources and enhance sustainable urban water management. The United Nations projects that by 2050, 68% of the world's population will reside in urban areas, further exacerbating water challenges. Smart water management powered by PV and IoT technologies offers a scalable and efficient approach to address the growing water demands of urbanization. The chapter concludes by discussing the policy and governance aspects necessary for scaling up smart water management practices. Regulatory frameworks, incentives, and public-private partnerships play a crucial role in fostering widespread adoption of PV-powered pumps and IoT integration for sustainable water management. In summary, "Smart Water Management: PV-Powered Pumps and IoT Integration" holds the promise of transforming water management practices. Leveraging solar energy and intelligent data-driven decision-making, smart water management enhances efficiency, conserves water resources, and mitigates environmental impact. Embracing this paradigm shift is vital in ensuring water security and resilience in the face of global water challenges and environmental concerns.

Since the early 1990s there has been a proliferation of calls for integrated water resource management as a strategy for sustainable water management. While literatures have examined the extent to which institutions can adapt to management defined by hydrological zones, the significance of other sociotechnical spaces to sustainable water management has been overlooked in these debates. In this paper, having demonstrated the hybridity of the hydrological cycle, we argue that more attention needs to be given to the interaction between regional, network, and fluid spatialities in sustainable water management. More specifically, we examine the fluid work of intermediaries in between regional and network spaces in the translation of regional strategies into local practice. We conclude by looking at the implications of understanding the relationship between regions, networks, and fluids for water governance specifically and environmental governance more generally.

The rapid urbanization and population growth in India have led to increased pressure on water resources in urban centers. As one of the fastest-growing cities in the country, Jaipur is facing significant challenges in meeting the water demands of its expanding population. Therefore, it is crucial to estimate the future population and water demand of Jaipur city to develop effective strategies for sustainable water management. This case study aims to estimate the future population and water demand of Jaipur city using a comprehensive analysis of demographic and water consumption trends. The study utilizes a combination of statistical methods, demographic projections, and water demand modeling techniques to provide a holistic understanding of the city's future water requirements. The results of this case study provide valuable insights into the future population growth and water demand trends of Jaipur city. The findings can assist urban planners, policymakers, and water resource managers in formulating effective strategies for sustainable water management and infrastructure development. The study emphasizes the importance of incorporating future population growth projections and water demand estimations into long-term urban planning processes. This case study contributes to the understanding of the challenges posed by population growth and urbanization on water resources in India, using Jaipur city as a specific example. The estimation of future population and water demand serves as a foundation for developing proactive measures to ensure adequate water supply and sustainable urban development in the face of increasing demand and limited resources

Water resources management based on green economy is becoming more and more relevant in the context of changing climate and growing environmental problems. The President of Kazakhstan K.-J. K. Tokayev assigned tasks at the national level to improve the efficiency of use and protection of the country's water resources. Effective strategies for sustainable water management as well as technological innovations are crucial to mitigate the effects of water scarcity worldwide. In addition, financing of green technologies is an important factor. In this study, we analysed the correlation between green finance and sustainable water management outcomes on the example of wastewater treatment in Kazakhstan. The results can be applied in developing strategies to minimise the impact of risks on water, health and environmental infrastructure, as well as in studying the impact of environmental invest-ments. The costs of water supply, precisely the collection, treatment and disposal of waste, pollution elimination activities provide various economic, environmental and social benefits, which makes them a crucial aspect of sustainable development.

Urban areas face increasing environmental challenges from rapid urbanization, climate change and anthropogenic pressures. These disrupt natural hydrological cycles, leading to critical problems such as rise and fall groundwater levels with a series of chained consequences. Our study applies a critical urban zone approach (Bucharest district) to start within a framework of an accurate urban groundwater balance to analyze biophysical and chemical processes in the urban environment, focusing on the Circus Lake Park in Bucharest. The site presents a complex setting shaped by decades of anthropogenic alterations, including extensive excavation, infrastructure development, and impervious surfaces that disrupt natural hydrological processes. Climate-induced changes in precipitation patterns combined with the infrastructure modifications exacerbate these challenges, reducing groundwater recharge and lowering the lake levels. By incorporating alternative water resource (AWR) solutions, our study aims to establish sustainable water management strategies tailored to the existing urban ecosystem.The methodology integrates field experiments, laboratory analysis, and hydrological modeling to address water scarcity and pollution challenges. Infiltration tests using several methods quantified the hydraulic conductivity of heterogeneous anthropogenic urban unsaturated zone. Chemical and biological analyses of water samples from rainfall, and street runoff assessed parameters such as dissolved oxygen, heavy metals, and nutrient concentrations. An experimental filtration system comprising sand, gravel, and activated charcoal layers was designed and tested to evaluate its efficacy in treating stormwater. Hydrological and hydrogeological models were developed to simulate rainfall, runoff, and infiltration processes, enabling the assessment of aquifer recharge potential.The results underscore the value of the critical zone approach in addressing the multifaceted challenges of urban water management. The findings reveal the effectiveness of integrating scientific methodologies with practical interventions to mitigate the impacts of urbanization and climate change. Nature-based solutions, such as stormwater filtration and aquifer recharge, demonstrate their effectiveness in adapting urban ecosystems to these pressures. Circus Lake Park serves as a replicable model, providing a blueprint for cities around the world to implement sustainable water management strategies. Beyond technical interventions, this study emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and stakeholder involvement. Local authorities, water operators and community organizations were actively involved, ensuring that the proposed solutions align with social, economic and environmental priorities. This collaborative approach fosters wider acceptance and ensures long-term sustainability of interventions.The research highlights the critical importance of integrating diverse scientific, technical, and social perspectives to advance urban sustainability frameworks. By linking theoretical insights with practical applications, this study demonstrates how critical zone processes can contribute to adaptive and efficient water resource management in urban contexts. Future research should focus on scaling these strategies and evaluating their long-term ecological and social impacts to further inform global urban resilience efforts.

Background: Water is a vital global resource, available in forms such as surface water and groundwater. Human activities, particularly increased population, have led to unsustainable water use, causing pollution in rivers, lakes, and oceans. In Indonesia, water resources, including in Muara Teluk Jakarta, are polluted by organic, inorganic, chemical, and plastic pollutants, especially microplastics and debris. Method: This study uses a qualitative approach with secondary data from journals and water quality reports by DKI Jakarta Environmental Agency. The research involves classifying topics, analyzing human-environment interactions, and reviewing water quality data to assess pollution levels using the water quality index (WQI). The findings aim to inform effective water treatment strategies and policies for addressing water pollution in Indonesia. Findings: The study and data analysis of sea water quality of Muara Teluk Jakarta index trends from 2017-2023 show that conditions fluctuated in the 2017-2023 range but heavily polluted condition. These water pollution problems need appropriate and proper management to reduce pollutes and increase water quality from biological, chemical, or physical properties. Well water management with customized condition will be very effective as one of solution for clean water supply and solution for sustainable water management in Indonesia. Conclusion: Effective water management strategies tailored to specific local conditions are essential to mitigate pollution and improve water quality in Indonesia. Sustainable water management is crucial for ensuring clean water supplies. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study highlights the persistent water pollution in Muara Teluk Jakarta, particularly from plastic and chemical contaminants, and the need for technological solutions to address water quality issues. It offers a practical approach to sustainable water management by exploring innovative methods to reduce pollution and improve water quality in Indonesia.

The demand for clean water in South Tangerang, Indonesia, is very high. At present, this demand is mostly met by groundwater that is much influenced by climate variability, land cover change, and human activities. The local company on water services (PDAM) provides clean water services for only about 9% of the population. The climate risk assessment conducted by South Tangerang Government in 2016 indicates that several areas are potentially exposed to a high risk of climate change. Survey and in-depth interview with communities and sectoral officers suggest that a risk to clean water supply in this city is increasing. This study aims to assess climate potential risks on clean water supply based on the 2016 study. We adopted the method of that study by modifying some of the vulnerability indicators that can represent clean water access and supply. The results of the study demonstrate that many wards in South Tangerang would be exposed to high climate risks of clean water supply. By 2021, about 54% of wards would be exposed from high to the very very high risk of clean water supply. These results signify the tangible need of adaptation actions, to prevent the worsening impacts of climate on clean water supply.

Chapter 12 - Sustainable water management in megacities of the future

Sociohydrology, an interdisciplinary field exploring the dynamic interactions between human and water systems, has emerged as a critical area of study to address the growing complexity of water management challenges in the Anthropocene. Transdisciplinary practices in sociohydrology extend beyond traditional academic boundaries, integrating diverse knowledge systems, stakeholder perspectives, and real-world practices. These approaches bridge the gap between science and society, enabling the co-creation of solutions that are socially equitable, environmentally sustainable, and contextually relevant. This study explores the transformative potential of transdisciplinary approaches in sociohydrology, emphasizing collaborative governance, stakeholder engagement, and sustainable water management. Drawing on an extensive review of literature and following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), the research highlights diverse applications of transdisciplinary methodologies in water management, ranging from integrating citizen science frameworks to fostering adaptive strategies for climate resilience. Case studies spanning the Katari River Basin in Bolivia to community-led monitoring in Australia's Great Barrier Reef illustrate how integrating ecological, social, and economic dimensions can address complex hydrological challenges. These practices underscore the importance of co-producing knowledge among researchers, policymakers, and communities, thus bridging gaps between scientific inquiry and real-world implementation. By synthesizing insights from multi-scalar analyses, the paper offers a framework for designing adaptive, equitable, and sustainable water management strategies. The findings advocate for institutional reforms and capacity-building initiatives to strengthen collaborative governance and propose a roadmap for applying transdisciplinary methodologies to global water crises. This research contributes to the evolving discourse on sociohydrology, emphasizing the need for integrated systems thinking and participatory processes to achieve long-term water security.