Abstract
The article discusses the problem of truth in scientific knowledge in a polemical form. The concept of internal truth, according to which truth in science is understood as the correspondence of a theory to its subject, is opposed to the concept of truth, which science strives for, as the knowledge of things in themselves. According to the latter, truth is always internal and in scientific constructions we never leave the boundaries of the language of theory. These concepts of truth are analyzed using examples from the history of science, where the synthesis strategy serves as an effective mechanism for resolving contradictions between different theoretical approaches. Questions of understanding the truth are also considered in the horizon of possible strategies for resolving contradictions between fundamental theories in modern science. The phenomenon of productive errors in science is touched upon.
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