Abstract
The study was intended to evaluate the association of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with statins therapy among type 2 diabetic outpatients. Does statins therapy increase or decrease the MCI in diabetic outpatients? A cross-sectional study was conducted at Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, in May–October 2017. Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) developed by Hsieh et al. (2015) was used to assess MCI (With permission). M-ACE measures the person’ ability to attention, memory, language fluency and visuospatial. M-ACE score is 30, and the cut-off score for MCI is ≤21. Patients with Alzheimer's disease, stroke, blindness, paralysis, parkinsonism, <40 years old, prescribed statins < 6 months, disability reading and writing were excluded. IBM SPSS 23.0 was used for data management. M-ACE was conducted for 280 cases with a mean age (59.6 ± 11.1) years. The prescribed statins were 14.7% atorvastatin (20-80mg/daily), 4% lovastatin (20-60mg/daily), 2.3% rosuvastatin 20mg/daily and 79.1% simvastatin (10-40mg/daily). From 177 patients using statins, about 80 (45.2%) cases had MCI; with M-ACE score mean 21.4 (95% CI: 20.7 – 22.2). While from 103 statins non-users, only 27 (26.2%) had MCI, with M-ACE score mean 23 (95% CI: 21.8 – 24.1). The relative risk of MCI associated with statins use in diabetic patients is (RR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.2 – 2.48) and the excess relative risk is 72.4%. The absolute risk is 19%, and the number needed to harm is 6. Chi-square indicated a statistically significant difference between statins users and non-users in the incidence of MCI (P-value: 0.001). Spearman’s test indicated a positive association between statins usage and MCI incidence (r: 0.188, p-value: 0.002). Binary logistic regression explored that statins usage is predictor of MCI incidence (r2: 0.036, p-value: 0.002). Statins therapy has a higher association with MCI risk than statins-free treatment among type 2 diabetic outpatients.
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