Abstract
ABSTRACTIn this study, the 24-h PM2.5 (i.e., the fine particles with aerodynamic diameter of ≤ 2.5 µm) samples were collected at two different functional subdivisions in the city of Tangshan during the period of July 2012 to April 2013. The months of July, October, January, and April were chosen to represent four different typical seasons. The total PM2.5 mass was measured. PM2.5 samples were used for the analysis of inorganic elements, ions, Organic Carbon (OC) and Elemental Carbon (EC). PM2.5 concentration in the industrial subdivision were generally higher than those in the residential subdivision. The annual mean PM2.5 concentrations were 196 µg m–3 for the industrial subdivision and 116 µg m–3 for the residential subdivision. The coefficients of divergence (CD) calculated for spring, summer, autumn and winter were 0.67, 0.35, 0.65, and 0.33, respectively. The Enrichment Factor Method (EFM) was used to help determine the original sources of these inorganic elements. Secondary water-soluble ions (SO42–, NO3–, and NH4+) were the major water soluble ions in the PM2.5 of Tangshan, and they are present in the atmosphere as (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3. The Sulfur Oxidation Ratio (SOR) and Nitrogen Oxidation Ratio (NOR) show that the precursor conversion ratio was highest in summer. At both subdivisions, winter had the highest monthly average OM concentration while summer had the lowest.
Highlights
PM2.5 pollution has become a severe environmental challenge facing China in the past decades
The data collected were used for a comprehensive chemical composition analysis of PM2.5 as well as its source identification
This paper focuses on the characterization of PM2.5 chemical composition and the presentation of the analysis results
Summary
PM2.5 pollution has become a severe environmental challenge facing China in the past decades. Hebei Province, the Plan requires the city of Tangshan to reduce its annual average PM2.5 concentrations in 2017 by 33% instead of 25% in 2017 (Provincial Government, 2013). These actions mark crucial steps taken by the Chinese government in response to a more and more severe PM2.5 pollution issue. In the past two decades, a number of air pollution control studies and projects have been conducted for the city of Tangshan (Li et al, 2013a; Li et al, 2013b; Xue et al, 2013). Cheng et al (2012) investigated the concentrations of water soluble cations/anions and inorganic elements in PM2.5 samples collected from 14 major cities in China. For example Zhang et al (2013) conducted delicate investigation PM2.5 chemical measurements in Beijing, which included a suite of crustal and anthropogenic elements, major water-soluble ions, and OC/EC. Tao et al (2014)
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