Abstract
This study estimates the plume migration of mobile supercritical phase (flowing), aqueous phase (dissolved), and ionic phase CO_2 (bicarbonate), and evaluates the spatial distribution of immobile supercritical phase (residual) and mineral phase CO_2 (carbonates) when CO_2 was sequestered. This utilized a simulation, in an anticline structure of a deep saline aquifer in the Tiechenshan (TCS) field, Taiwan. All of the trapping mechanisms and different CO_2 phases were studied using the fully coupled geochemical equation-of-state GEM compositional simulator. The mobile supercritical phase CO_2 moved upward and then accumulated in the up-dip of the structure because of buoyancy. A large amount of immobile supercritical phase CO_2 was formed at the rear of the moving plume where the imbibition process prevailed. Both the aqueous and ionic phase CO_2 finally accumulated in the down-dip of the structure because of convection. The plume volume of aqueous phase CO_2 was larger than that of the supercritical phase CO_2, because the convection process increased vertical sweep efficiency. The up-dip of the structure was not the major location for mineralization, which is different from mobile supercritical phase CO_2 accumulation.
Highlights
Storing carbon dioxide (CO2) geologically is a technology that benefits from extensive petroleum engineering experience from dealing with hydrocarbon production and storing natural gas (IPCC 2005; IEA 2008)
This study evaluates the Area of Review (AOR) from the plume migration of mobile supercritical, aqueous, and ionic CO2, and from the spatial distribution of the immobile supercritical and mineral phase CO2 when CO2 is stored in the anticline structure of a deep saline aquifer in the TCS field
In the post-injection period, the supercritical CO2 continuously migrates to the structure up-dip and accumulates in the trap (Fig. 5d)
Summary
Storing carbon dioxide (CO2) geologically is a technology that benefits from extensive petroleum engineering experience from dealing with hydrocarbon production and storing natural gas (IPCC 2005; IEA 2008). Compared with other geological media, deep saline aquifers have the largest storage capacity and can be found in most of the world’s sedimentary basins. This is an advantage in terms of CO2 transport from emission sources (IPCC 2005; Bachu 2008). Several trapping mechanisms act to prevent the buoyant CO2 from coming back to the atmosphere when CO2 is stored in a saline aquifer These mechanisms include stratigraphic and structural, residual gas, solubility, ionic, and mineral trappings (Pruess et al 2003; Nghiem et al 2004, 2009a, b; Kumar et al 2005; Bachu 2008).
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