Abstract
A rapid, precise method for identifying waterborne pathogens is critically needed for effective disinfection and better treatment. However, conventional methods, such as culture-based counting, generally suffer from slow detection times and low sensitivities. Here, we developed a rapid detection method for tracing waterborne pathogens by an innovative optofluidic platform, a plasmonic bacteria on a nanoporous mirror, that allows effective hydrodynamic cell trapping, enrichment of pathogens, and optical signal amplifications. We designed and simulated the integrated optofluidic platform to maximize the enrichment of the bacteria and to align bacteria on the nanopores and plasmonic mirror via hydrodynamic cell trapping. Gold nanoparticles are self-assembled to form antenna arrays on the surface of bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, by replacing citrate with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in order to amplify the signal of the plasmonic optical array. Owing to the synergistic contributions of focused light via the nanopore geometry, self-assembled nanoplasmonic optical antennas on the surface of bacteria, and plasmonic mirror, we obtain a sensitivity of detecting E. coli as low as 102 cells/ml via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. We believe that our label-free strategy via an integrated optofluidic platform will pave the way for the rapid, precise identification of various pathogens.
Highlights
A rapid, precise method for identifying waterborne pathogens is critically needed for effective disinfection and better treatment
hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HAHC)-modified gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with a diameter of 20 nm are mixed with Escherichia coli (E. coli)
The representative scanning electron microscope (SEM) image in Fig. 2a, taken after mixing, shows that E. coli cells are densely covered by GNPs
Summary
A rapid, precise method for identifying waterborne pathogens is critically needed for effective disinfection and better treatment Conventional methods, such as culture-based counting, generally suffer from slow detection times and low sensitivities. We developed a rapid detection method for tracing waterborne pathogens by an innovative optofluidic platform, a plasmonic bacteria on a nanoporous mirror, that allows effective hydrodynamic cell trapping, enrichment of pathogens, and optical signal amplifications. Especially bacteria, are largely based on either selective culturing, molecular diagnosis exhibits better selective culturing or molecular diagnosis, including sensitivity and a faster detection time. This immunoassays and the polymerase chain reaction. Seoul 04107, Korea 2Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, Departments of Bioengineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
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