Abstract
Colistin is widely used in food-animal production. Salmonella enterica is a zoonotic pathogen, which can pass from animal to human microbiota through the consumption of contaminated food, and cause disease, often severe, especially in young children, elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Recently, plasmid-mediated colistin resistance was recognised; mcr-like genes are being identified worldwide. Colistin is not an antibiotic used to treat Salmonella infections, but has been increasingly used as one of the last treatment options for carbapenem resistant Enterobacteria in human infections. The finding of mobilizable mcr-like genes became a global concern due to the possibility of horizontal transfer of the plasmid that often carry resistance determinants to beta-lactams and/or quinolones. An understanding of the origin and dissemination of mcr-like genes in zoonotic pathogens such as S. enterica will facilitate the management of colistin use and target interventions to prevent further spread. The main objective of this review was to collect epidemiological data about mobilized colistin resistance in S. enterica, describing the mcr variants, identified serovars, origin of the isolate, country and other resistance genes located in the same genetic platform.
Highlights
The overuse and inappropriate use of antibiotics in diverse settings, such as human and veterinary therapeutics, animal production and agriculture, is widely accepted as one of the major causes of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance worldwide [1,2]
We reviewed the epidemiology of mcr-like genes identified in S. enterica serovars
It is not expected that colistin will be an antibiotic to treat human enteric fever or gastroenteritis caused by this pathogen; mcr-like genes are carried in conjugative plasmids that spread among bacterial populations
Summary
The overuse and inappropriate use of antibiotics in diverse settings, such as human and veterinary therapeutics, animal production and agriculture, is widely accepted as one of the major causes of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance worldwide [1,2]. A colistin-mediated resistance gene (mcr-1 gene) was further identified in a conjugative plasmid in Escherichia coli isolates of animal origin from China [9], which generated a wave of concern over the scientific community. Paratyphi) [15], a serotype associated to the development of human enteric fever This communication summarizes the studies on the epidemiology of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in S. enterica, considering the relevance of Salmonella serovars identification, geographic location of isolation and multidrug resistance profile
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