Abstract
Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) is an optimized stellarator with a 3-dimensional five-fold modular geometry. The plasma-wall-interaction (PWI) investigations in the complex 3D geometry of W7-X were carried out by in situ spectroscopic observations, exhaust gas analysis and post-mortem measurements on a large number of plasma-facing components extracted after campaigns. The investigations showed that the divertor strike line areas on the divertor targets appeared to be the major source of carbon impurities. After multistep erosion and deposition events, carbon was found to be deposited largely at the first wall components, with thick deposits of >1 μm on some baffle tiles, moderate deposits on toroidal closure tiles and thin deposits at the heat shield tiles and the outer wall panels. Some amount of the eroded carbon was pumped out via the vacuum pumps as volatile hydrocarbons and carbon oxides (CO, CO2) formed due to the chemical processes. Boron was introduced by three boronizations and one boron powder injection experiment. Thin boron-dominated layers were found on the inner heat shield and the outer wall panels, some boron was also found at the test divertor unit and in redeposited layers together with carbon. Local erosion/deposition and global migration processes were studied using field-line transport simulations, analytical estimations, 3D-WallDYN and ERO2.0 modeling in standard magnetic field configuration.
Highlights
Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) is an optimized three-dimensional helically shaped stellarator with five-fold symmetry designed for steady-state plasma operation of up to 30 min
For OP1.2b graphite scraper elements were installed near two Test Divertor Units (TDUs) in order to mitigate convective plasma heat loads on the pumping gap panels in certain configurations caused by the evolution of the internal bootstrap current [1,2,3]
The details of the experimental techniques used for the analysis i.e. Elastic Backscattering Spectrometry (EBS), Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA), Focused Ion Beam (FIB) cutting, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) are described in [19], pico-second Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in [20] and optical reflection measurements in [21]
Summary
K Schmid, J Romazanov2,5 , C Pardanaud , M Kandler, A K Kharwandikar, G Schlisio , O Volzke, H Grote, Y Gao , L Rudischhauser, A Goriaev7,8 , T Wauters, A Kirschner , S Sereda , E Wang, M Rasinski , T Dittmar , G Motojima , D Hwangbo , S Kajita, M Balden , V V Burwitz, R Neu3,11 , Ch Linsmeier and the W7-X Team1,12 Original content from this (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany work may be used under 3 Max-Plank-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstrasse 2, 85748 Garching, Germany the terms of the Creative 4 National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi, Toki 509-5292, Japan.
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