Abstract
BackgroundObesity is one of the most prevalent health problems in the canine population. While haemostatic parameters and markers of endothelial function have been evaluated in various disease conditions in dogs, there are no studies of these markers in canine obesity. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of naturally gained weight excess and obesity on inflammatory, hemostatic and endothelial biomarkers in dogs. A total of 37 overweight and obese dogs were compared with 28 normal weight dogs.ResultsOverweight and obese dogs had significantly elevated concentrations of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Number of platelets, activity of factor X and factor VII were significantly higher, while activated partial thromboplastine time (aPTT) and soluble plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) were significantly decreased. Statistical analysis of high mobility group box – 1 protein (HMGB-1), soluble intercellular adhesive molecule -1 (sICAM-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) concentrations did not show significant differences between the total overweight and obese group and the normal weight group of dogs.ConclusionsAnalytical changes in the dogs in our study reflects that weight excess in dogs can be associated with a chronic low degree of inflammation and a hypercoagulable state, where primary and secondary hemostasis are both affected. However obesity is not associated with impairment of endothelial function in dogs.
Highlights
Obesity is one of the most prevalent health problems in the canine population
Overweight and obese dogs had significantly elevated IL-6 and High sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) compared with normal weight dogs (261 pg/ml vs. 227 pg/ml, p = 0.001 for IL-6; 4.2 μg/ml vs. 3.7 μg/ml, p = 0.027 for hsCRP)
When hemostatic variables were studied, overweight and obese dogs showed significantly higher values of average PLT number, activity of factor X and factor VII (315x109/L vs. 234 x109/L, p = 0.001 for PLT; 115% vs. 104%, p = 0.007 for FX, 131% vs 109%, p = 0.054 for Clotting factors X (FVII)) and significantly lower values of activated partial thromboplastine time (aPTT) and soluble plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) compared with lean dogs (10 s vs. 11 s, p = 0.022 for aPTT, 1990 pg/ml vs. 2598 pg/ml, p = 0.002 for suPAR)
Summary
While haemostatic parameters and markers of endothelial function have been evaluated in various disease conditions in dogs, there are no studies of these markers in canine obesity. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of naturally gained weight excess and obesity on inflammatory, hemostatic and endothelial biomarkers in dogs. Inflammation and coagulation are closely linked, both in health and disease, and share common activation and regulation systems [12]. Various mediators that induce a chronic inflammatory state in obesity are closely connected with haemostatic disturbances and recent studies have shown that the obesity state is characterised by prothrombotic state in humans [13,14,15], rodents [16], cats [17] and pigs [18]. There is evidences that primary hemostasis is affected by weight excess, characterised by increased
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