Abstract
This paper has demonstrated the valorization of inexpensive and readily available restaurant waste containing most consumed food and beverage residues as adsorbents for methylene blue dye. Coffee, tea, lettuce and citrus waste have been utilized without any pre-treatment, thus the adsorption capacities and dye removal efficiency were determined. Coffee waste showed highest adsorbent capacity, followed by tea, lettuce and citrus waste. The dye removal was more effective as dye concentration increases from 5 up to 60 mg/L. The favorable results obtained for lettuce waste have been especially encouraged, as this material has not been commonly employed for sorption purposes. Equilibrium data fitted very well in a Freundlich isotherm model, whereas pseudo-second-order kinetic model describes the process behavior. Restaurant waste performed rapid dye removal at no cost, so it can be adopted and widely used in industries for contaminated water treatment.
Highlights
This paper has demonstrated the valorization of inexpensive and readily available restaurant waste containing most consumed food and beverage residues as adsorbents for methylene blue dye
The adsorption of Methylene blue (MB) onto coffee and tea waste was rapid during the initial stage of the contact period
The fast adsorption at the initial stage may be due to the fact that a large number of surface sites are available for adsorption
Summary
This paper has demonstrated the valorization of inexpensive and readily available restaurant waste containing most consumed food and beverage residues as adsorbents for methylene blue dye. Tea, lettuce and citrus waste have been utilized without any pre-treatment, the adsorption capacities and dye removal efficiency were determined. Many techniques have been investigated for such purposes [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14], but adsorption is considered to be relatively superior to others, because of low cost, simplicity of design and ability to treat dyes in more concentrated form [15] Besides activated carbons, these are well known commercial adsorbents, some waste materials may offer an inexpensive and renewable additional alternative for such processes. Kinetic studies have been conducted in order to determine the rate of MB adsorption and analyze the mechanism of the process for each of the tested adsorbents
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