Abstract
The increasing human population expected in the next decades, the growing demand of livestock products—which production requires higher amounts of feed products fabrication, the collective concern about food quality in industrialized countries together with the need to protect the fertility of soils, in particular, and the environment, in general, constitute as a whole big challenge that worldwide agriculture has to face nowadays. Some soil bacteria harbor mechanisms to promote plant growth, which include phytostimulation, nutrient mobilization, biocontrol of plant pathogens and abiotic stresses protection. These bacteria have also been proved as promoters of vegetable food quality. Therefore, these microbes, also so-called Plant Probiotic Bacteria, applied as biofertilizers in crop production, constitute an environmental friendly manner to contribute to produce the food and feed needed to sustain world population. In this review, we summarize some of the best-known mechanisms of plant probiotic bacteria to improve plant growth and develop a more sustainable agriculture.
Highlights
Some soil bacteria harbor mechanisms to promote plant growth, which include phytostimulation, nutrient mobilization, biocontrol of plant pathogens and abiotic stresses protection. These bacteria have been proved as promoters of vegetable food quality
Subsets of this Plant Probiotic Bacteria (PPB) are the ones that can be found in soils and rhizosphere, which are referred as Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), term that had been proponed before by Kloepper and Schrot [9]
We summarize the main mechanisms of plant growth promotion presented by bacterial species, which were reported as able to improve crops yields and refer to updated studies that have evaluated the potential applications of a wide diversity of bacterial isolates in different plants, mostly with agronomical interest
Summary
There is a global scenario of lack of resources to feed an ever-growing worldwide human population. The term Plant Probiotic Bacteria (PPB) was first mentioned by Haas and Keel [8] to name a group of microorganisms benefiting plants, which fulfils three essential criteria that combined result in better plant protection: (i) effectiveness and competitiveness in niche colonization, (ii) the ability to create induced systemic resistance (ISR) in their hosts and (iii) presence of direct antagonistic traits on pathogens Subsets of this PPB are the ones that can be found in soils and rhizosphere, which are referred as Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), term that had been proponed before by Kloepper and Schrot [9]. Bacterial biofertilizers are products in which formulation one or several bacteria that improve the nutrient status of the plants (i.e. plant growth and yield) are contained These bacteria can benefit plant nutrient uptake through three mechanisms: (i) replace soil nutrients and/or (ii) make nutrients available to plants and/or (iii) increase plant access to those nutrients [20]. We will discuss some aspects of the current application of those strains as biofertilizers and suggest future perspectives concerning the role of bacterial-based biofertilizers in sustainable agro-ecosystems
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