Abstract
Some plant growth-promoting bacteria encode for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, which facilitates plant growth and development by lowering the level of stress ethylene under waterlogged conditions. The substrate ACC is the immediate precursor for ethylene synthesis in plants; while bacterial ACC deaminase hydrolyzes this compound into α-ketobutyrate and ammonia to mitigate the adverse effects of the stress caused by ethylene exposure. Here, the structure and function of ACC deaminase, ethylene biosynthesis and waterlogging response, waterlogging and its consequences, role of bacterial ACC deaminase under waterlogged conditions, and effect of this enzyme on terrestrial and riparian plants are discussed.
Highlights
Quantitative methods, such as those used to produce climate change models, suggest that the frequency and severity of heavy precipitation may increase in the near future all over the worldwide (Milly et al, 2002; Wright et al, 2017)
Sterilized seeds treated with P. putida UW4 and control seeds were planted in sterilized calcinated clay in growth pots in greenhouse
Protein spots detected from cucumber roots in the absence of stress:1980, presence of P. putida UW4:1893, Hypoxic condition and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB): 1735 Conclusion: P. putida UW4 significantly released the inhibition of hypoxic stresses on plants biomass
Summary
Quantitative methods, such as those used to produce climate change models, suggest that the frequency and severity of heavy precipitation may increase in the near future all over the worldwide (Milly et al, 2002; Wright et al, 2017). In response to hypoxic conditions, plants produce increased amounts of ACC synthase to convert SAM into ACC, which is the ultimate substrate for ethylene synthesis (Li et al, 2012; Glick, 2014). They revealed that P. putida UW4 and hypoxic stress stimulate gene expression in cucumber roots and investigated the regulation of protein and metabolic pathways This was a pragmatic approach for the identification of enzymes involved in the interaction between plants and PGPB in a waterlogged environment (Li et al, 2013). Depending on the concentration gradient, ACC that is released is cleaved to form α-ketobutyrate and ammonia Using this strategy, symbiotic bacteria lower the levels of ethylene stress (by 60–90%) by producing ACC deaminase and contribute to the growth and development of plants under waterlogged conditions (Penrose et al, 2001; Mayak et al, 2004; Saleem et al, 2007). The alignment of amino acid residues demonstrate that the active sites of ACC deaminase of H. saturnus and Pseudomonas sp. are identical and conserved (Yao et al, 2000; Glick et al, 2007)
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