Planning panels in New South Wales

Understanding and managing operational risk and improving line of sight on operations are ongoing challenges for hazardous industries. As stakeholder expectations of operational performance continues to rise exponentially, it has become much more of a critical issue for leadership and the boardroom. Traditionally, organizations address these challenges with better rulebooks, new KPI’s improved best practices and more robust procedures. However, more often than not there is no noticeable decrease in the number of High Potentials (HiPO’s) incidents and fatalities. The Interaction between People and the Plant, sometimes known as frontline work execution is the riskiest part of operations, where frontline workers do routine work to maintain and operate the plant, maintain the equipment and manage interventions. It is the primary source for incidents and second leading cause of fatalities. There are two critical gaps that significantly impede any effort to sustainably improve on these challenges and to support the Interaction. The first gap is in the end to end work management business process where we identify, plan, execute and learn from work needed to sustain operational output. Typically the work identification and planning phases are managed with maintenance management and planning systems. In contrast, paper based systems or at best; basic, standalone and limited electronic permit systems are most commonly used to manage basic elements of the work execution phase. These systems provide no data, no end to end integration with the planning and work identification systems and thus no feedback loop. Valuable information such as the job actuals and the job breakdown including all of its safety dependencies - is lost. The second gap is where organizations have difficulty linking strategic intent into day to day operations. Organizations have operational assurance loops for the Plant and for their People that include policies, standards, practices, systems, data, KPI’s/metrics and feedback. In this way, they have operational assurance that their policies are being followed and they have the means through the use of the right technology and the collection of data, to measure status and progress. Yet, in the Interaction area, there are insufficient systems to close the loop and provide sufficient data or feedback in order to drive safety improvements and move beyond compliance. By closing the gaps with the right tools and technology, organizations can intelligently automate, embed and manage corporate, regional and local policies and processes’ ensuring strategic intent is linked with the execution of its critical business processes. Connecting policy to practice this way ensures frontline workers are carrying out their work according to corporate standards while capturing and generating valuable data on the type, volume and interaction of work, as well as associated human factors. By capturing this data, information can be fed back to the planning process, enabling subsequent future jobs to be planned more accurately and efficiently (with the right information on resources required and safety dependancies accounted for). Furthermore, the cumulative data extracted, across the enterprise, provides a much deeper insight into the real risk created by scheduled jobs across the business can be provided. This line of sight provides operational intelligence and enables local and regional managers to proactively manage risk down while maximising productivity and efficiency. The cumulative data can then be aggregated into risk profiles at plant, region and ultimately enterprise level delivering a common and consistent standard for understanding, assess and viewing risk for the entire organization. Operational management can use these profiles as the objective basis to make critical operational decisions affecting the relationship between performance and risk. By integrating the business process gap and closing the operational assurance loop between ‘policy’ and ‘practice’, organizations have the key to proactively driving continuous improvement and move beyond baseline safety compliance and performance.

Chapter 1.The need for regional planning is outlined in terms of the problems that are beyond the scope of our present Queensland administrative and planning system to solve. Sparsely populated areas, declining country towns, rural urban migration, numerous small Local Authorities and lack of co-ordination between levels of government in planning establish the need for a new administrative system on a regional basis.Chapter 2.The theory of regional planning and regionalism is explained and an attempt is made to develop a concept of regional planning systems which consist of an organization and administrative framework for the performance of regional planning. Policy, structure, strategies and legislation are the criteria identified for the analysis of regional planning systems.Chapter 3.The development of regional planning as it has occurred in Queensland is discussed on the basis of criteria identified in Chapter 2. The chapter concludes by establishing that the present levels of government have not created a suitable planning framework in the State.Chapter 4.Reasons are given for the selection of France, U.S.A. and Canada as overseas countries suitable for analysis.Chapter 5.Planning in France is discussed and this nation is identified to have one of the most comprehensive and sophisticated regional planning systems. The regional planning system is well structured and forms part of the nations political organization for national development. The system is central, integrated, well co-ordinated and the strategies implemented under the French system should be seriously considered for Queensland.Chapter 6.The U.S.A. system operates within a federal system where the Federal Government has dominance over State and Local Governments. The planning system is ad-hoc because it represents a system which operates within a strongly individualistic and free enterprise economy. However the strategies implemented in U.S.A. are positive and can be adapted for use in Queensland.Chapter 7 .Canada represents one of the closest parallels to Australia in political structure, geography and socio-economic environment. The situation in Canada is similar to Queensland because the Provincial Governments (which are the Canadian equivalent to the Australian State Governments) have strong powers under the constitution which established the Federal Government. The most progressive Provincial Governments in Canada have taken the lead in creating regional planning systems suitable to their individual needs.Chapter 8.This Chapter presents a structure for a regional planning system suitable to Queensland.

This chapter considers ways to characterise the different planning systems that exist internationally to regulate land use and development, protect and enhance places, and manage spatial interactions engendered by societal, economic, and public policy claims on space. A number of dimensions are considered: legal and administrative contexts; the scope of planning and the planning system; the balance of competences between different levels of government; the extent and type of planning at national, regional, and local levels; the role of different stakeholders in the planning system; the nature of ‘regulatory’, ‘discretionary’, or ‘hybrid’ planning systems; the capacity of planning systems and their effectiveness in meeting expressed objectives; and the degree of formal and informal practices in planning. How such dimensions shape planning systems is also considered.

A tale of two cities: Contemporary urban planning policy and practice in Greater Sydney, NSW, Australia

The increasing prevalence of cyber threats in the digital age underscores the urgent need for innovative and data-driven approaches to cybersecurity. This study proposes a high-impact decision-making model designed to integrate cutting-edge cybersecurity strategies into public policy, governance, and organizational frameworks. The model emphasizes leveraging big data, artificial intelligence (AI), and advanced analytics to inform policy design, risk assessment, and strategic planning in diverse institutional contexts. Key components of the model include real-time data aggregation, predictive analytics, and machine learning algorithms to identify and mitigate cyber risks proactively. By incorporating advanced threat intelligence and risk quantification, the model enables stakeholders to prioritize vulnerabilities, allocate resources effectively, and enhance resilience against evolving cyber threats. The framework also integrates multi-stakeholder collaboration, ensuring alignment between public and private sector efforts in addressing cybersecurity challenges. This model is adaptable across various governance levels and organizational structures, providing actionable insights to policymakers, regulators, and organizational leaders. It aligns with global cybersecurity standards and emphasizes compliance with frameworks such as the NIST Cybersecurity Framework, GDPR, and ISO/IEC 27001. The research highlights the importance of embedding cybersecurity into governance processes and organizational strategies to foster a culture of security and accountability. Pilot studies demonstrate the model's applicability in enhancing decision-making processes, reducing response times, and improving risk mitigation outcomes. Case studies from public and private sectors reveal the model’s capacity to drive more informed and adaptive policy frameworks while promoting operational efficiency and trust among stakeholders. This study contributes to the evolving field of cybersecurity by providing a scalable and replicable approach for integrating data-driven strategies into policy and governance. By bridging the gap between technological innovation and institutional readiness, the proposed model equips policymakers and organizations to navigate complex cyber landscapes effectively, ensuring the protection of critical infrastructure, data, and digital assets.

The increasing prevalence of cyber threats in the digital age underscores the urgent need for innovative and data-driven approaches to cybersecurity. This study proposes a high-impact decision-making model designed to integrate cutting-edge cybersecurity strategies into public policy, governance, and organizational frameworks. The model emphasizes leveraging big data, artificial intelligence (AI), and advanced analytics to inform policy design, risk assessment, and strategic planning in diverse institutional contexts. Key components of the model include real-time data aggregation, predictive analytics, and machine learning algorithms to identify and mitigate cyber risks proactively. By incorporating advanced threat intelligence and risk quantification, the model enables stakeholders to prioritize vulnerabilities, allocate resources effectively, and enhance resilience against evolving cyber threats. The framework also integrates multi-stakeholder collaboration, ensuring alignment between public and private sector efforts in addressing cybersecurity challenges. This model is adaptable across various governance levels and organizational structures, providing actionable insights to policymakers, regulators, and organizational leaders. It aligns with global cybersecurity standards and emphasizes compliance with frameworks such as the NIST Cybersecurity Framework, GDPR, and ISO/IEC 27001. The research highlights the importance of embedding cybersecurity into governance processes and organizational strategies to foster a culture of security and accountability. Pilot studies demonstrate the model's applicability in enhancing decision-making processes, reducing response times, and improving risk mitigation outcomes. Case studies from public and private sectors reveal the model’s capacity to drive more informed and adaptive policy frameworks while promoting operational efficiency and trust among stakeholders. This study contributes to the evolving field of cybersecurity by providing a scalable and replicable approach for integrating data-driven strategies into policy and governance. By bridging the gap between technological innovation and institutional readiness, the proposed model equips policymakers and organizations to navigate complex cyber landscapes effectively, ensuring the protection of critical infrastructure, data, and digital assets.

An increasing interest has recently emerged in Britain in the organisation, character and development of planning systems within the 'Celtic periphery' (MacDonald and Thomas, 1997). This interest has been promoted by the Government's programme of devolution and a consideration of the implications of devolution for the operation of planning systems (Lloyd and Illsley, 1999; McEldowney, 1999; Tewdwr-Jones, 1999; Thomas, 1999). The planning system in Wales forms part of this review and continues to face a series of considerable challenges and opportunities that emerged during the 1990s (Tewdwr-Jones, 1997b). There are few detailed accounts of the development of the contemporary planning system in Wales and there exist even fewer accounts that assess in detail the various policy and advice instruments that have developed as part of that system. This account is concerned with one of the most recent planning instruments to be introduced as part of the planning system in Wales, Technical Advice Notes (Wales) (TAN[W]s or TANs). TANs were introduced in 1996 to accompany the revised format for the publication of planning policy in Wales in a single document. Planning Guidance (Wales): Planning Policy. The formal relationship between the TAN series and the unified policy document is described as one in which the policy document ?is supplemented by a series of Technical Advice Notes' (Welsh Office, 1999a, para. 1.1). The focus of this paper is to explore in further detail and in practical terms the role and function of the TAN series. Following a brief introduction to the legislative and administrative context for planning in Wales, an account is provided of the development of the modern British planning policy framework and the evolution during the 1990s of a separate policy framework for Wales. This account identifies the fragmentation of the unified policy framework for England and Wales, resulting ultimately in the system of Planning Policy Guidance Notes (PPGs) being replaced in Wales by a singular policy document supplemented by a series of TANs. The paper proceeds to define the terms ?policy' and ?advice' in order to assess the TAN series by an analysis of the function and content of the series.The legislative and administrative context for planning in Wales1One of the consequences of the wider programme of devolution and its effect on planning systems is that the singular reference to ?the British planning system' is becoming a less precise and valid term. It may be successfully argued that the term has always been ill-defined and used more out of convenience than as a proper description. The term has often been used in a practical sense to refer to the planning system as it has operated across England and Wales and testifies to the joint development of the planning system in the two countries. England and Wales have, for almost the entire history of the modern planning system, shared a common legislative, administrative and policy framework. Of these three elements, it is now only the legislative basis for the operation of the planning system that remains substantially intact and shared between England and Wales.2The administrative context for planning in Wales has been dramatically reshaped during the past five years. The first notable change in the context for planning was the establishment of unitary local government in 1996 to replace the former two-tier administrative system of counties and districts (Harris and Tewdwr-Jones, 1995). The introduction of a pattern of unitary local government is considered to have seriously undermined the capacity for strategic planning in the various sub-regions of Wales (Tewdwr-Jones, 1998). Dissatisfaction has also been expressed with the efficacy of the voluntary jointworking arrangements which are encouraged by current policy to address strategic issues (Welsh Office, 1999a, para. 3.7). The second fundamental change in the administrative context for planning has been the creation of the National Assembly for Wales. …

This research examined the barriers and challenges within the housing system for delivering housing supply that is more diverse in terms of size and built form; tenure; development model; and affordability level.

A comparison between coastal hazard planning in New Zealand and the evolving approach in England and Wales

The spatial planning system in Denmark has traditionally been known for its ‘comprehensive-integrated’
 appeal characterized by a ‘formal’ rationality embedded within its systematic hierarchy of plans and
 institutions from national to local levels. In Europe, the purpose of planning systems of this kind has been to
 achieve ‘spatial coherence’ between levels of government and across territorial scales through the
 coordination and integration of policy sectors (horizontally) as well as jurisdictions and planning policies
 (vertically) shaping the management and articulation of spatial change. However, the Danish spatial planning
 system has been exposed to profound reorientations in recent years, as illustrated by the radical modification
 of its scope, its structure as well as its institutional and policy mechanisms. In the case of Denmark, a
 structural reform implemented in 2007 that changed the country’s political geography and its existing
 intergovernmental arrangements hence led to: i) the downward rescaling (from regional to municipal levels)
 of most functions and responsibilities related to spatial planning; ii) the upward rescaling (from metropolitan
 to national level) of spatial planning functions associated with the Metropolitan Region of Copenhagen; and
 iii) the revocation of regional planning as well as the institutional dismantling of the metropolitan level.
 Based on these series of changes, this paper aims at elucidating how different governments in power over
 the last 20 years have interpreted the planning system based on the adoption and adaptation of specific
 strategies (legal and/or spatial) that seek to articulate the different levels that comprise the planning system
 in one way or another. The impact that stems from the implementation of these strategies (whether they also
 remain as speculations or intentions) is that there is an increasing tendency to indirectly redefine
 conventional territorial scales. In order to depict such redefinition, this paper attempts to carry out an analysis
 of: i) the strategic spatial role attributed to each level of planning; ii) how each territorial scale is redefined as
 a result of the changing spatial relationships occurring between the planning levels.

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Optical soot pyrometry is a mature experimental technique that has been applied to a broad range of combustion systems for measuring soot temperature and concentration. Even though the method is widely used and well documented, the line of sight nature of the technique makes the interpretation of its results challenging. Notably, gradients in temperature and soot concentration along the line of sight or across the field of view can introduce significant levels of uncertainty in the results. This paper presents a numerical study where the signal from the experimental two-color pyrometry technique in a marine diesel engine reference experiment is reconstructed employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and a detailed Line-by-Line (LBL) spectral radiation model. The analysis is aimed at qualitatively supporting interpretability of experimental observations. Further, the role of soot and temperature gradients along and normal to the line of sight are assessed in two canonical configurations in which the signals are reconstructed numerically. In addition, the impact of different optical thicknesses is analyzed parametrically. The results obtained with the numerical pyrometry showed that gradients in temperature along the line of sight significantly affect the pyrometry temperature, leading to an overestimation of the effective soot averaged temperature in the range of 50 K to 250 K (i.e. 2-12%), depending on the soot concentration. Further, a saturation effect in the pyrometry KL-factor along the line of sight was observed at higher soot concentrations, resulting in an underestimation of the average soot volume by a factor of four to six in the canonical configurations. Gradients across the field of view were found to have a lower impact on the pyrometry results and to introduce much smaller biases than gradients along the line of sight.</div></div>

Contemporary planning at the national level in Ghana is realized under two legal instruments—the National Development Planning (System) Act (Act 480, 1994) and the Land Use and Spatial Planning Act (Act 925, 2016). These instruments have established two seemingly different planning systems—the development planning system and the new spatial planning system—all of which draws on the governance structures established by the decentralization law (i.e. 1933 Local Government Act (Act 462)) to deliver their objectives. This chapter firstly examines the focus and scope of three decades of national-level planning under the established tradition of development planning. Next, it presents a detailed discussion of the newly established spatial planning system and identifies the institutional arrangements for spatial planning at the national level. The ensuing institutional conflicts and duplication of competences, after the inception of the new spatial planning system that operates alongside the entrenched tradition of development planning are also examined. The two main national-level spatial policy instruments (i.e. the National Spatial Development Framework and National Urban Policy Framework) are briefly discussed with the aim to illustrate the functioning of the new spatial planning system in practice at the national level. Following from this, an analysis of the practical challenges of and pathways towards realizing long-term national spatial development imperatives, within a culture of medium-term national development planning, which is essentially dictated by the constitutionally guaranteed tenure of governments, is provided.

A low-carbon future: Spatial planning's role in enhancing technological innovation in the built environment

В потоке глобальных экономических, технологических, информационных перемен России необходимо быстро приспособиться к новым тенденциям. Бесценный ресурс - огромные просторы страны - нуждаются в программе развития, соот¬ветствующей современной задаче: при сохранении единства и безопасности страны вписаться в мировое экономическое пространство. Устойчивое развитие России зависит от эффективности государственной политики регионального развития и территориального планирования. Совершенствование пространственной организации может стать мощным ресурсом будущего развития страны. Целью статьи является анализ структуры реализации государственной политики регионального развития в системах стратегического и территориального планирования и градостроительстве. Реализация государственной политики регионального развития является комплексной задачей системы стратегического планирования РФ, которая внедряется на всех уровнях власти. В состав системы стратегического планирования интегрируется система территориального планирования. На федеральном уровне связующим звеном систем стратегического и территориального планирования является Стратегия пространственного развития РФ до 2025 года, которая внесёт вклад в формирование будущего облика России, государства, конкурентноспособного на мировом уровне.

Innovation or episodes? Multi-scalar analysis of governance change in urban regeneration policy in South Korea