Abstract
In recent years, cities are threatened by various natural hazards. Planning emergency shelters in advance is an effective approach to reducing the damage caused by disasters and ensuring the safety of residents. Thus, providing the optimal layout of urban emergency shelters is an important stage of disaster management and an act of humanitarian logistics. In order to study the optimal layout of emergency shelters in small mountain cities, this paper constructs multi-level location models for different grades of emergency shelters so as to minimize the travel and construction costs and maximize the coverage rate. Specifically, the actual service of emergency shelters is determined using Geographic Information System (GIS) software and Weighted Voronoi Diagram (WVD) models under the limitation of site capacity, and the space layout is adjusted through combining the actual urban land with the construction position. In this paper, the Jianchuan county seat at Yunnan Province, China, was considered as a case study to illustrate the models of emergency shelters in which the feasibility of the presented models is verified. The proposed research methods and models have provided theoretical basis and a benchmark for the optimal layout of emergency shelters in other small mountain cities.
Highlights
In recent years, with increased urbanization in China, different cities have been facing increased hazards of various types [1], which can be both natural and man-made
Given the multi-level nature of different types of emergency shelters, different models are taken into account through building multi-level location models of emergency shelters
Traditional location models cannot simultaneously meet all the problems encountered in the process of emergency facility location
Summary
With increased urbanization in China, different cities have been facing increased hazards of various types [1], which can be both natural (e.g., earthquakes, tsunami, typhoon, hurricanes, etc.) and man-made (e.g., chemical leakages, terrorist attacks, etc.). Through the three steps of location, zoning and optimization, the whole process of optimizing layout is realized through: (a) constructing a multi-level location models system suitable for different levels of emergency shelters, applying the models to the actual location selection of the emergency shelter in the Jianchuan county seat, and verifying the scientificity and effectiveness of the construction models; (b) establishing a method suitable for the service scope division of emergency shelters in small mountainous cities, and relying on GIS technology to visualize the results; (c) adjusting the location and quantity of emergency shelters in conjunction with population and urban land use within the scope of emergency shelters
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