Placebo-Controlled Study of the Effects of Atomoxetine on Bladder Control in Children With Nocturnal Enuresis

Abstract

Nocturnal enuresis is a condition in which children at least 5 years of age are incontinent of urine at night. Atomoxetine, a potent inhibitor of the presynaptic norepinephrine transporter, is used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study tested the hypothesis that atomoxetine will provide significant therapeutic benefit for nocturnal enuresis in patients with the diagnosis of nocturnal enuresis. Atomoxetine's efficacy for improving nocturnal enuresis was studied in 87 pediatric subjects using an outpatient, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled study. Efficacy was determined by measuring the mean number of dry nights per week using an intent-to-treat analysis of the primary outcome measure, the Dry Night Log-Parent Report (DNL-PR), a daily parent diary. Baseline and end point DNL-PR data were available from 42 atomoxetine-treated and 41 placebo-treated subjects. Atomoxetine increased the average number of dry nights per week by 1.47 compared with .60 for placebo (F = 7.06; df = (1, 75); p = 0.01). Fifteen atomoxetine-treated subjects (35.7%) had an increase of at least 2 dry nights per week compared with only 6 (14.6%) placebo-treated subjects (Fisher's exact test; p = 0.042). There were no significant differences in adverse events between the groups. Compared with placebo, atomoxetine treatment was associated with a significant increase in dry nights in children with nocturnal enuresis.