Place de l’hystérie dans les nosographies psychopathologiques et les approches psychodynamiques contemporaines

Abstract

AimThe aim of this study is to focus on the place of hysteria in psychiatric nosographies and the psychoanalytic conceptions of the 21st century, across the different classification models: the diagnostic criteria are very heterogeneous, and this does not facilitate pluridisciplinary teamwork. MethodA literature review to analyse place and evolution of hysterical neurosis in national and international psychiatric nosographies (DSM, ICD10, CFTM) and in psychoanalytic conceptualizations (PDM, the structural approaches of Bergeret and Lacan, the processual approaches of Roussillon and Benedetti). ResultsWe note a gradual disappearance of hysteria and neurosis in successive versions of the DSM, from DSM-3 to DSM-5. Hysteria is broken down into several disorders in the ICD10. This makes it more difficult to reach a consensual diagnosis in a clinical team. Conversely, hysteria has retained its founding and fundamental place in all psychoanalytical nosographies. DiscussionThe divide between the American DSM-5 psychiatric nosography and psychoanalytical nosographies seems increasingly marked in the field of neuroses, despite the beginnings of an integration of a dimensional perspective. We can also note the plurality of views of hysteria within the psychoanalytic field. Authors present hysteria either as a neurosis or as a personality structure that is able to function on an adaptive or decompensated mode (Bergeret). The plurality of theoretical models constructed to understand hysteria has resulted in a transnographic extension of hysteria, since several authors (Roussillon, Benedetti) postulate that it is possible to find hysterical elements in the most severe narcissistic disorders. ConclusionWhile it seems difficult to construct an integrative model including the anthropological, psychodynamic and biological dimensions of hysteria, making it possible to reach a consensual diagnosis in a clinical team, the numerous theoretical models in the psychodynamic field provide each clinician with useful benchmarks to understand and to manage hysteria.