Place-Based Strategies for Economic Resilience in Rural Northern Maine

Communities throughout the nation face a variety of interconnected transportation, livability and sustainability challenges that can only be effectively addressed through regional planning collaboration. These challenges are particularly pressing in gateway and natural amenity region (GNAR) communities throughout the western United States. This project engaged graduate students in developing curricular materials to teach planning students, professional planners and community members (1) the core concepts and skills of regional collaborative transportation and land use planning and (2) about the unique transportation and planning-related challenges and opportunities in GNAR communities. It did so through an applied graduate-level studio course taught in fall 2016 and fall 2017, as well as through leveraging the ongoing Zion Regional Collaborative (ZRC). The ZRC is a regional planning effort aimed at enhancing livability and promoting more sustainable transportation and land use decision making along Utah State Route 9, the main transportation corridor leading to Zion National Park in southern Utah. Through using this effort as a laboratory, faculty and graduate students learned about and studied real-world efforts to support collaborative regional transportation and land use planning. Engaging students in the ZRC also provided them an opportunity to gain experience with facilitation, collaborative processes, and key planning and transportation challenges in gateway and natural amenity communities. Building on what they learned from the ZRC, as well as literature reviews, background readings and insights from experts, graduate students in the studio course developed two parallel toolkits. The first toolkit is designed to teach graduate and undergraduate students the theory and practice of collaborative regional transportation and land use planning, particularly in gateway and natural amenity communities, via a set of role-play simulations, scenarios and teaching guidelines. The second toolkit is aimed at community members and professionals, providing a set of tools and resources to assist GNAR communities in addressing their key transportation, land use, and planning-related challenges and opportunities. All tools developed via this project are free and will be made available online. This project also resulted in a number of additional impacts and activities, ranging from providing valuable professional opportunities for graduate students to catalyzing collaborative regional planning efforts elsewhere; these additional impacts and activities are detailed in this report.

Rural development is inextricably linked with the participation of government agencies and the attraction of private investment. Government regulation of these processes plays an important role and often determines the course and vector of development. The article is devoted to the analysis of the legislative framework of the Kirov region, which regulates the regional rural areas ecosystem development in the context of digitalization. The main goal of the author's work was to identify problem areas of digital development of the Kirov regional rural areas ecosystem from the point of view of its legislative regulation at the regional level. During the study, various methods of analyzing modern scientific publications, legislative acts and statistical data were used. The materials for the study were the results of studies by Russian and foreign scientists and Rosstat data. The content of regulatory documents of the Kirov region in the field of development of agriculture and rural areas, as well as information and digital development of this ecosystem were studied. Shortcomings in this area were identified and analyzed and ways for solving these problematic issues were proposed. In the article, the author conducted a detailed analysis of regional development programs and legislative acts adopted in the Kirov region, which are designed to ensure the development of rural areas, and also analyzed their effectiveness. The final part of the article formulates a conclusion about the inadequacy of the regional legislative framework concerning the development of rural areas, and in particular their digital development. This article is a part of the author's dissertation research.

This thesis will examine the strategic uses of rural residential development, particularly in the separation of urban areas in both a physical and visual sense. The region of South East Queensland is utilised as the study area to ascertain the effectiveness of rural residential development in this regard.The subject under discussion is important to urban and regional planning because of the high rate of population growth expected in South East Queensland and associated with this, the concerns regarding the potential for urban sprawl to occur in the region. This has implications for the manner in which urban and regional planning measures can accommodate such population growth, and the impacts that this could potentially have on the region. The South East Queensland region covers the geographical areas of Brisbane City, Gold Coast to the east, Beaudesert to the south, Noosa to the north and Toowoomba to the west. The population in this region is expected to increase by 1.12 million by the year 2011(SEQ2001, 1993c).In South East Queensland the area designated for rural residential development is greater than that allocated for urban development. It has been estimated that rural residential development occupies approximately 20% of the developed land which comprises both urban and rural residential(SEQ2001, 1993e). Rural residential development has also caused concern because of the lower densities of the land use, and therefore the need for adequate provision of land in the future for urban residential purposes. It is acknowledged that priority should be given to urban development to accommodate the expected population increase in the South East Queensland region, however the function that rural residential development could provide in this scenario also warrants significant attention.Rural residential development needs to be examined with regard to the effectiveness of the land use in the prevention of the merging of urban areas and the containment of these urban areas in SEQ. The study will examine the region of South East Queensland, canvass in detail the issues applicable to rural residential development, and in particular the manner in which these issues impact on the strategic use and effectiveness of rural residential development in separating urban areas. In particular a case study will be utilised to determine the effectiveness of rural residential development in the Caboolture Shire. The Shire of Caboolture is to be examined because of the significant amount of rural residential development which has occurred in the Shire, its proximity to Brisbane and the potential for the separation of urban areas by such a land use in the Shire.The utilisation of rural residential development in separating urban areas in the South East Queensland region could be achieved and maintained with the assistance of a greater emphasis on proactive and strategic planning approaches to rural residential development. Rural residential design principles will be outlined which could assist in the maintenance of an open rural character, emphasise amenity and environmental considerations, and thus contribute to the separation of urban areas.The effectiveness of the strategic use of rural residential development in separating urban areas will be reviewed and inferences drawn to whether this is singularly an effective land use or, whether the assistance of a mix of land uses can provide a more effective result. Although the problems associated with rural residential development need to be canvassed, the examination of the strategic use of rural residential development in separating urban areas should be analysed to ascertain whether this land use can assist in dealing with the problems of anticipated population growth and urban sprawl in the South East Queensland region.

Rates and drivers of rural residential development in the Greater Yellowstone

Sustainable rural development is one of the social, economic and territorial cohesion aspects of the European Union. In the current financial perspective 2007-2013 rural areas development is supported by the Common Agricultural Policy, which does not always contribute to improvement of their vitality and cohesion with urban areas. The main theses organising the analyses presented in this paper are as follows: The problem lies in the division of the funds into particular priorities of rural development and the rural development is still dominated by the agriculture approach. The European Commission and the Member States’ approaches to rural development focus on agricultural production and improving its conditions or environment protection. Cohesion Policy instruments intervention will be an essential condition for sustainable rural areas development. One of the key research issues concerned with rural areas development is territorial orientation in programming of the Structural Funds in the next financial perspective 2014-2020. Integrated rural development requires different instruments of development in order to stimulate non-agricultural economic, social and cultural activity of rural residents.

China's rural economic reforms radically altered land tenure in rural China. With the granting of land use rights and residual income rights to farming households between 1979 and 1983, agriculture shifted from a collective-based to a familybased system. Land was not privatized, however. Ownership remained "collective", with local officials, typically at the village level, exercising a major influence over the allocation of land and the way households could use land. The initial land allocations to families were typically based on household size, household labour supply, or both. The central government's policy was that these allocations were supposed to be for 15 years. In some villages, land use contracts have been respected; in other villages, however, local leaders have periodically redistributed land among households and have intervened throughout the reform period to determine how farmers are able to use the land. The initial reforms triggered an unprecedented acceleration of agricultural growth in China. From 1979 to 1984, the gross value of agricultural output increased in real terms at an annual rate of 7.6 per cent, and grain production rose by 4.9 per cent annually.' Empirical studies attribute a significant part of this increase to enhanced incentives, as farmers were able to keep the output and

Analysis of rural transformation development in China since the turn of the new millennium

leading up to 2041, drawing on the insights of experts in the field.Consequently, this research adopts a descriptive approach, incorporating a literature review, document analysis, qualitative content analysis, and expert opinions.The study is practically oriented, centering on the primary research objective of examining significant urban development and land-use planning challenges in Iran up to 2041.In terms of its objectives, the research is applied, and its methodology integrates both qualitative and quantitative methods.The study population comprises experts from various disciplines, including geography (rural planning, urban planning, regional planning), economics, rural sociology, management, as well as urban and rural specialists, elites, managers, and youth from across the nation.A purposive sampling method was employed to select 70 participants for the completion of questionnaires and interviews. Results and DiscussionA multitude of issues and challenges confronting the development of urban and rural areas in the country has the potential to alter the future trajectory of land use planning in unpredictable ways.These challenges may profoundly transform the nation in the coming decades.Evidence of this transformation is evident in persistent trends such as demographic shifts, digitalization, and the expansion of cyberspace, as well as in the initial indications of new changes and transformations that may escalate over time.The following emerging changes and trends are poised to exert a significant influence on the future of urban and rural development, including comprehensive land use planning across the nation.This research identifies and examines the most critical macro-level issues pertaining to urban and rural development and land use planning in Iran by 2026. ConclusionThis research adopts a futuristic perspective and employs a qualitative-descriptive methodology to investigate these matters.To achieve the research objectives, an extensive review of relevant literature and library studies was conducted, supplemented by consultations with 70 experts across various domains.This process facilitated the identification of the primary challenges related to urban and rural development and land use within the context of Iran in the year 1420 (Islamic calendar).Subsequently, qualitative analysis was utilized to develop strategic scenarios aimed at addressing the identified challenges in the country's future trajectory.The findings reveal that Iran will likely experience sudden disruptions and heightened uncertainties, compounded by economic, social, political, environmental, demographic, geopolitical, and climate-related factors, as well as issues related to cyberspace and increasing inequalities.Furthermore, there are unanticipated and unaddressed threats on the horizon.In response to these challenges, twenty future scenarios were devised, designed to confront the macro-level issues highlighted in the research, while also challenging current assumptions and posing critical questions regarding the nation's future .These scenarios provide strategic insights into how Iran can prepare to meet the evolving needs of its urban and rural communities as the country approaches the year 1420, in light of a dynamic and uncertain future .

Introduction: gender-focused public policies have become increasingly relevant in global rural development agendas. However, in Ecuador, limited research has been conducted on how these policies are addressed in rural contexts from a social sciences perspective. Methods: qualitative, interpretative and analytical study was conducted through documentary research. A bibliographic search was carried out on the Scopus-Elsevier platform using the descriptor "public gender policies", limited to scientific articles in the fields of social sciences, arts and humanities published between 2020 and 2025. A total of 3,624 articles were obtained and analysed using VOSviewer 1.6.20 software.Results: the bibliometric maps identified several thematic clusters, with central nodes such as "gender equality", "rural development", "women", "public health", "intersectionality" and "policy implementation". These concepts revealed significant gaps in literature related to local adaptation and territorial articulation of gender policies in rural settings.Conclusions: the study evidenced a fragmented and heterogeneous academic approach to gender policies in rural Ecuadorian contexts. It highlighted the need to strengthen the theoretical and methodological integration of the rural perspective in gender policy analysis. The findings offer a foundational reference for future research and for the design of inclusive, context-sensitive public strategies.

Rural revitalization mechanism based on spatial governance in China: A perspective on development rights

Coupling analysis of greenhouse-led farmland transition and rural transformation development in China’s traditional farming area: A case of Qingzhou City

This thesis will examine planning for sustainable rural residential development. The region of South East Queensland is used as the study area to ascertain the effectiveness of rural residential development in this regard.The subject under discussion is important to urban and regional planning because of the high rate of population growth expected in South East Queensland and associated with this, is the growing popularity of rural residential development as an alternative to urban living. In South East Queensland, the area designated for rural residential development is greater than that allocated for urban development. Rural residential development is cause for concern as it can have both positive and negative impacts. It is acknowledged that priority should be given to urban development to accommodate the expected population increase in the South East Queensland region, however the function that rural residential development could provide in this scenario also warrants significant attention.Rural residential development is a form of development that influences the settlement pattern or shape of a city or shire. Positive and negative implications of rural residential development affect not only the city/ shire boundary, but also the resident community and the environment. Thus, rural residential development needs to be examined with regard to the likely physical, environmental and socio-economic implications such a land use may have, and how sustainable land use planning can be utilised to maximise benefits and minimise costs.This thesis will investigate the nature of rural residential development through a discussion of trends, demands and issues associated with this type of development. By establishing the costs and benefits, the study will examine the key positive and negative implications of rural residential development that are necessary to consider in planning for sustainable rural residential development. Particular emphasis is given to the physical, environmental and socio-economic costs and benefits of rural residential development.Current planning instruments will be examined for their attention to the costs and benefits of rural residential development. A case study will be utilised to determine the effectiveness of local planning instruments in planning for sustainable rural residential development. Logan City is to be examined because of the urban fringe nature of the city, its choice of both rural residential and urban residential development and its increasing population.Planning for sustainable rural residential development could be achieved and maintained with greater emphasis on proactive regional planning, coordinated levels of government and strategic planning approaches. Prime considerations for planning sustainable rural residential development will be outlined.Although the problems associated with rural residential development need to be canvassed, the examination of planning for sustainable rural residential development should be analysed to ascertain firstly, whether the land use can deal with the anticipated population growth in the South East Queensland region and secondly, its associated physical, environmental and socio-economic implications.

The article studies the specific Rural Development features, defines the main Rural Development elements as systems: village-forming enterprises (agricultural enterprises, as well as enterprises of other activity spheres within a given agricultural area), rural infrastructure, housing complex, etc., which is necessary for the life of the population in rural areas. The necessity of the breeding, seed production and pedigree business development as an important condition for the agricultural plants seeds provision of higher reproductions and high-productive breeds of farm animals is substantiated. Trends in the agricultural plants and animals breeding development are analyzed. The breeding research development problems have been analyzed, including the poor level of Public Research Institutes material and technical base development, lack of modern equipment and technologies, qualified personnel, which makes it difficult to carry out breeding work. The conditions for the rural areas development are defined and grouped, namely: conditions that have a direct and indirect impact on the rural areas development. The need for the enterprises development that form the core of rural areas (agricultural enterprises and enterprises of other spheres of activity), including through the agricultural enterprises interaction with scientific organizations in the field of breeding is determined. The authors justify the need for revival and development of experimental production farm, seed farms and breeding farms for successful implementation of the scientific research results in the breeding, seed production and breeding field. It is justified the fact that the full rural areas development is possible only by ensuring the cumulative effect of these conditions. The main constraining factors in the practical use field of breeding varieties and breeds of animals in the agrosphere are determined. The directions of rural areas development on the basis of use by agricultural producers of achievements of domestic breeding are formulated.

Entrepreneurship has gained increasing attention as a strategic area for rural development. Addressing environmental, demographic, and gender inequality challenges in rural areas requires contextualizing entrepreneurship. Moreover, applying contextualization as a critical lens provides a deeper understanding of how and why entrepreneurship happens in rural areas. This thesis examines the interplay between entrepreneurship and gender within the rural context and is situated in the growing body of literature expanding the knowledge on entrepreneurship in rural contexts. Thus, the thesis responds to the calls to contextualize rural entrepreneurship (McElwee & Atherton, 2021) and gender in entrepreneurship (Welter, 2011; Baker & Welter, 2020; Welter 2020). The thesis is based on a qualitative study on the life stories of women and men entrepreneurs engaged in their family businesses in the rural province of Småland in southern Sweden. The thesis further contributes with a systematic literature review describing the “state of the art” in rural entrepreneurship as well as the intertwinement between the rural, gender, and entrepreneurship fields. Methodologically, the thesis contributes to the operationalization of a rural proofing concept. To theorize on the intersection of these three, often separately studied, fields (Webster 2017), the thesis illustrates the dyadic influence of the rural context on entrepreneurship and gender relations. The thesis also provides theoretical contributions concerning the interdependence of the rural context, agency, and entrepreneurship, including the implications of this interdependence for policymakers, and practitioners. Contextualizing rural entrepreneurship and gender in entrepreneurship is crucial in the development of policies able to address the needs and capabilities of rural entrepreneurs to explore the impact of different policies on rural enterprise development (Smith & McElwee, 2014). Rural proofing policies that take into account the particularities of the rural milieu, such as gender, ethnicity, and traditions within the rural community, can increase the resilience of rural enterprises in the face of challenges arising from local and global contexts.

So far, in rural development literature, there are many programs and approaches which had been considered by international and national organizations. Today, the approach of integrated rural development in rural sustainable development context, after a period of decline, coupled with a new form, has been considered as the most effective approach of realizing sustainability. Healthy village programs are included in this approach of integrated rural development. In addition to emphasis on hygiene and therapeutic problems, other dimensions of sustainability have also been considered. The aim of current research is to introduce the approach of healthy village programmes in the form of cooperative companies as a means toward rural development. Therefore, for this purpose, current research first introduces this approach using library method and then the goals and strategies of this approach are also reviewed. Finally, it provides a model to establish the programs in cooperative format by studying the overlap of this program using cooperative principles. Key words: Cooperative, healthy village, rural development, treatment.