PISA in media discourse

This paper focuses on British news reports on the Mandarin Excellence Programme carried out in England by educational institutions at various levels. This research systematically examines the ways in which the learning and teaching of Mandarin Chinese is portrayed as important in English secondary schools due to globalisation and economic demands and, on a more personal level, owing to future career opportunities and the success of the British people in news discourse. The ideologies embedded in these news stories are explored, and the modalities of representing and communicating information through both written language and images are discusses (Van Dijk, T. A. 1988. News Analysis. Case Studies of International and National News in the Press. New Jersey: Lawrence, Van Dijk, T. A. 2005. “Discourse Analysis as Ideology Analysis.” In Language & Peace, 41–58. Routledge, Van Dijk, T. A. 2013. News as Discourse. Routledge; Fairclough, N. 1995. Media Discourse. London: Edward Arnold. pp. 9–14; Blommaert, J. 2005. Discourse: A Critical Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Kress, G. R., and T. Van Leeuwen. 1996. Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design. Psychology Press, Kress, G., and T. Van Leeuwen. 2001. Multimodal Discourse: The Modes and Media of Contemporary Communication. Edward Arnold ). It is argued that the ideologies reflected in the news discourse are beliefs and values that are constructed and reinforced by choices in language and in images. The analysis shows that the news about Mandarin Excellence is reported according to its political, economic and cultural worth and that the news reports on Mandarin Excellence represent a way to strengthen the existing power and cultural governance of the UK government.

The First Baby Born After Polygenic Embryo Screening

The article deals with the specifi cs of functioning of popular scientifi c linguistic discourse in mass media. Popular science content is not mandatory for mass media. The main task of mass media is to communicate relevant information to the addressee. The functioning of popular scientifi c linguistic discourse in media sources of this type is conditioned by a number of factors that make scientifi c information relevant to the mass addressee. Based on the analysis of three print media (the newspapers Argumenty i Fakty, Izvestia and Kommersant) three factors of actu-alization of scientifi c linguistic knowledge have been revealed: 1) intellectual; 2) pragmatic; 3) informational and entertaining. The popular scientifi c linguistic discourse, the actualization of which is conditioned by the intellectual factor, helps the reader to comprehend actual facts and events. Linguistic information in this case can be presented in diff erent amounts and represented in diff erent ways. But at the same time popular scientifi c linguistic discourse is not independent, it is presented in the context of an event relevant to the reader. With the help of scientifi c knowledge, the mass addressee gets an opportunity to critically evaluate this event. Popular scientifi c linguistic discourse, the relevance of which is conditioned by the pragmatic factor, can be used by the addressee in practical speech activity. These are materials about the normative use of individual units of the Russian literary language and articles about the rules of speech interaction. The relevance of popular scientifi c linguistic discourse can be conditioned by the informational-entertainment factor: the reader as a language user shows interest in certain linguistic phenomena. On the basis of thematic analysis, the spheres of linguistic knowledge which are of the greatest interest to the mass addressee are singled out: 1) history of words and phraseologisms; 2) lexical meaning of obsolete and new words (neologisms); 3) the use of proper names. As the analysis has shown, popular scientifi c linguistic discourse in mass media is subordinated to the main principle of content formation — the principle of relevance. Communicative, genre and style specifi city, as well as the way of representation of linguistic information are determined by the in-tellectual, pragmatic or informational and entertaining factors of actualization of this discourse.

The object of this research is the news discourse of the regional online publication "Arih Us online." The subject of the work consists of the methods of persuasive speech in news texts. The empirical basis of the study consists of news materials from the online publication "Arih Us online" for March 2022 – a period of increased visitor growth (a total of over 500 news texts were analyzed). Attention is paid to the concepts of discourse, media discourse, news discourse, and online publication. The news materials are examined in terms of genre division into news articles, information reports, interviews, and reports. To attract readers' attention to the text component of the news discourse, various methods of speech influence are employed, which can be grouped according to their relation to specific language levels: phonetic, lexical, grammatical, and artistic imagery. The study applies a structural-descriptive method, which involves linguistic observation, analysis, and classification of speech influence techniques, as well as content analysis methods, including the study of publication themes, categorization of data based on the employed speech influence methods, and the analysis of quantitative indicators. The novelty of the work lies in the analysis of the news content of the regional online publication "Arih Us online" – an internet platform created by the "Arih Us" broadcasting company and registered with the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology, and Mass Media in the Republic of Buryatia, which has not been previously undertaken. During the analysis, a description of the online publication is provided, with particular attention paid to news materials: articles, information reports, news interviews, and reports, where different methods of speech influence are identified. One of the conclusions is the observation that in a third of the news texts, journalists use various methods of speech influence (in headings and main texts). The most frequent means are lexical (phraseological units, stylistic contrasts, and connotative units, etc.) and figurative (metaphors, asyndetons, rhetorical exclamations, epithets, etc.). The study allows for the conclusion that speech influence techniques are most commonly used in the genre of news articles. Content analysis of the materials indicates a demand for various methods of speech influence in texts with themes of "incident" and "health."

Who's in the Game? the Framing of the Canadian Election 2000 by the Globe and Mail and the National Post

Development does not always have a positive impact on the surroundings, but also negative impacts often occur. Social change of society one of them is the impact of the development. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze how the development and social change of Bekasi society takes place from the perspective of discourse in the mass media. The method used is to use qualitative data analysis that comes from news in mass media. The reports were analyzed using Nvivo 11 software assistance. The results of the analysis revealed that the government needed to review and evaluate the permit for the development of apartments and the area, because it had a major social change effect on the surrounding community. From the news in mass media shows that the surrounding communities are much negatively affected by the development. The media agenda, the government agenda and the public agenda are related to the occurrence of social change.

Evaluation in Media Discourse: Contrasts among Journalists in Reporting an Event

The article deals with media discourse as a specific type of communicative discourse applied in the mass media, defines the main approaches to the description of the ‘discourse’ as a term, describes the phenomenon of media communication, demonstrates the position of media discourse among other types of communicative discourse as well as its classification. Mass media produce a specific type of discourse used in the media space – media discourse. It is in the media discourse that significant political events are described as well as social, philosophical, cultural, and public trends are reflected. Media discourse holds a special place among other communicative types of discourse. The modern world is characterised by the digitalisation of a developed society, each member of which can no longer imagine life without computer technology. Along with the digitalisation of society, trends towards digitalisation are also observed in modern mass media. In the current century, mass media are progressing every day, they have a dynamic, structured, targeted character, and it is reliably proven that mass media can influence the human mind. In order to fully comprehend the functioning of media discourse as a certain system and the functioning of special speech tools in it, it has become important to deal with the problem of media discourse classification. The components of media discourse comprise not only statements as such, speakers who, most often, must have an official status, the mass audience to which information is conveyed, the communication channel, but also a large number of extralinguistic components, without which media discourse simply will not be such as it is, because the media space is now so intricately intertwined with the life of each person individually and society as a whole that one can no longer imagine one's life without daily and on-going replenishment of media information. The variety of many significant criteria is the very reason for difficulties arising under the attempts to classify media discourse. The discourse of modern media is a multifaceted cognitive and pragmatic phenomenon in which speech performs not only the function of transmitting a message, but also represents a certain social action, whilst in the media discourse of modern media, not only verbal, but also nonverbal means of communication actively function. Key-words: discourse, discourse studies, communicative discourse, media, mediatized society, digitalisation.

The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the linguistic implementation of the dichotomy "youth vs. old age" in the modern Russian news discourse. The most important concepts for the national linguistic picture of the world are reflected in language, including in such a form of its implementation as news discourse. According to the definition of O.A. Pantina, "news discourse is a type of media discourse, the purpose of which is to inform and inform." News discourse at this stage of media development is implemented primarily in the space of the Internet. Ideas about youth and old age as defining anthropological qualities are very important for a linguistic personality. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the fact that it contains the components of the dichotomy "youth vs. for the first time in the framework of news discourse, the concepts are considered in opposition, as well as by the fact that an attempt is being made to establish the peculiarities of the perception of this dichotomy by a modern linguistic personality, reflected in the mass media. As a result, it was revealed that news publications are much more likely to tell about the actions of young people, give them assessments. As a result of such preferential attention, a general orientation of the media towards young people and the positioning of the priority of young age is created. The components of the dichotomy are interpreted differently by the linguistic personality: the concept of YOUTH is characterized mainly by a positive perception, while the concept of OLD AGE is mainly negative.

The authors analyse the linguistic strategies modern mass media use when writing about female politicians. Comparison of media discourses in Colombian and Russian media is made by means of interpretive, contextual. discourse and content analysis. The main aim of the study is to identify how the mass media view the role of women in politics and to what extent it is affected by the culture and mentality of the society of a given country. Based on Western European research, three linguistic strategies used by the mass media in the field of “women in politics” were dealt with. As a result of comparing Russian and Columbian media discourses the intensive use of these three strategies in the mass media discourse was identified. Exclusion strategy means that the political power that women have is delegated to them (by men). Invisibility strategy implies the use of a metaphor or catachreza (trope or stylistic error, incorrect or unusual use of word combinations with incompatible literal lexical meanings). The presence of a man as the main co-hero is a determining factor or an integral reference to the political activities of women. Caricature strategy implies description of political actions of women satirically, as caricature, as a ridiculous imitation. Ridicule, derogatory forms of address (derived from one's own name or a diminutive form of a name, reflecting the logic of underestimation) lead to a decline in status. The current media discourse broadcasts the idea that women in politics are isolated cases, exceptions, explained primarily by their personal, political or professional relations with men. Descriptions of women's political activities is full of with stereotypes, prejudices and preconceived notions. Colombian media discourse shows a steady trend towards the use of puns in the linguistic representation of women politicians while Russian mass media tend to use caricature strategies in positioning women in politics. The media discourse of both countries predominantly views women as actors in politics, as subjects that, by their very nature, cannot belong to politics.

Criminal acts of corruption causing the destruction of human prosperity could be news discourse that receives lots of public’s serious attention. The difference of perspectives on corruption cases has impacted on the production of news discourse because of the influence of mass media’s backgrounds, knowledge, and ideologies. This present study aims to describe and analyze practices of the production of news discourse on corruption portrayed in TV One and Kompas TV mass media based on the van Dijk’s model of critical discourse analysis. The data presented in this qualitative study were collected through observation and interview. The findings reveal that TV One used person, self-presentation, role, and event schemes in the construction of news discourse on corruption. The use of these schemes was based on the priority of news values. Meanwhile, Kompas TV employed the same schemes as TV One did. The use of the schemes was deemed in terms of the ideology referred by this mass media, namely: “fortiter in re, suaviter in modo” (“firmly in action, gently in manner”). This ideology was used in the production of the news discourse so that the classical proverb in journalism “menghibur yang papa, mengingatkan yang mapan” (“comfort the afflicted, afflict the comfortable”) affirmed in this mass media. Both of Indonesia’s television channels tended to concern the control of cognition in producing the news discourse on a graft case.

Doktorlar, hastalar ve potansiyel hastalar arasındaki davranışsal eğilimlerin ve imaj algılamalarının ölçümlenmesini amaçlayan bu çalışmanın ilk bölümünde, İstanbul Üniversitesi bünyesindeki Hastanelere yönelik bir anket araştırması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde ise yazılı basında doktorların kişisel, mesleki niteliklerine, hastanelerin özellik ve işlevlerine, ayrıca doktor – hasta ilişkilerine yönelik kurgulanan söylem incelenerek, söylemin biliş ve tutum üzerindeki etkisi tartışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, hastaların doktorlar ile olan ilişkilerini algılama biçimlerini ve bu algılamaya neden olan faktörleri saptamak üzere İstanbul Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi ve Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakülteleri'nde mevcut ve potansiyel hasta konumundaki tesadüfi yöntemle seçilen 300 kişiye anket uygulanmıştır, sonuçlar SPSS programı ile değerlendirilmiştir. Anket soruları daha önce belirlenen bir grup hastaya yöneltilmiş, alınan yanıtlar doğrultusunda asıl anket için sorular yeniden biçimlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde ise, yazılı basında doktorların kişisel, mesleki niteliklerine, hastanelerin özellik ve işlevlerine, ayrıca doktor – hasta ilişkilerine yönelik kurgulanan söylem, Grunig'in ilişki inşaası için gerekirliğini savunduğu kriterler olarak güven, yeterlilik, bütünlük, sorumluluk, memnuniyet, yararlılık, kalite, yenilikçilik, çözüm odaklılık, etik, yönetişim, kararlılık, üretkenlik, profesyonellik, uzlaşım ve kişisel konum bağlamında incelenerek, söylemin biliş ve tutum üzerindeki etkisi tartışılmıştır. İkinci çalışma olarak söylem analizinin birinci çalışmayla bağlantısı şudur: İlk çalışmada doktorlara yönelik algı oluşumunu etkileyen unsurlardan birinin de medya olduğu belirlenmiştir. Dolayısıyla, varsayımımız şudur: 1)Yazılı basındaki haber söylemi doktorlara karşı önyargı ya da olumsuz bir imaj oluşmasına yol açmaktadır. Bu amaçla, en yüksek tiraja sahip ilk üç gazete olan Zaman, Posta ve Hürriyet'te  15 Mayıs-15 Haziran 2010 tarihlerinde yayınlanan haberler bu doğrultuda incelenmiştir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Hasta İlişkisi, İlişki İnşaası, Davranış Eğilimi   Abstract: Analysing The Behavioral Tendencies And İmage Perceptions Of Doctors İn Context With The Structured Discourse İn Print Media In the first part of this study aiming to evaluate the behavioral tendencies and image perceptions between patients and potential patients, a questionnaire was implemented in the hospitals affiliated to Istanbul University. Meanwhile, in the second part, through the analysis the structured discourse in print media pertaining to personal and professional attributes of doctors, the aspects and functions of hospitals as well as the relations between doctors and patients, the impact of discourse over cognition and attitude have been analysed. Thus, in order to determine the way patients and potential patients perceive their relations with doctors, a questionnaire was given to a corpus of randomly selected 300 current and potential patients in Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine and Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine. The findings have been evaluated with SPSS programme. The preliminary form of the questionnaire was first implemented to a group of pre-determined patients and the questions were improved for the main questionnaire in accordance with the replies. In the second part of the study, which is also the second step of the analysis, the discourse structured with regard to personal and professional attributes of doctors, the aspects and functions of hospitals as well as the relations between doctors and patients have been analysed through the criteria, the necessity of which was argued by Grunig for building relations, namely confidence, sufficiency, cohesion, responsibility, gratification, effectiveness, quality, innovation, being solution-oriented, ethics, governance, decisiveness, productivity, professionalism, compromise and personal position. The relation of discourse analysis as the second study with the first study can be explained in such a way that in the first study, media is depicted as one of the factors affecting the perception formation towards doctors. Hence, the effect of discourse over cognition and attitude has been discussed. Consequently, our hypothesis has been formed around such a question: Does the news discourse in print media help create biases and negative images about doctors or support their profession by bringing their achievements to the foreground? With this view in mind, the issues of three newspapers having the highest circulation rate, Zaman, Posta and Hürriyet, printed between May 15 and June 15, 2010 have been analysed. Key Words: Patient Relationship, Relationship Building, Behavioral Intentions

Introduction. The analysis of news discourse is constantly in the trend of scientific research, since the very concept of discourse implies fluidity and continuity, and news as a genre represents a special form of narration that can be considered through the communicative function of language, which can be revealed through speech acts, that is, through discursive social practice. The use of public idioms sometimes creates an impression of authority and professionalism in the media, which affects the readers’ perception of the material. Nominalisation is also used to create the effect of undisputed objectivity in news writing, which can make it difficult to understand the text. These language practices are sometimes used as a communicative tool of social coercion, soft assent or resistance to readers’ persuasion, to shape discussions about war and conflicts. Relevance of research. The article aims to show how public idioms and nominalisation are presented in news discourse and what communicative tasks they can perform. The task of the research is to reveal the special role of public idioms and nominalisation in news discourse, which can be specific markers of the cultural and ideological field and which, when carefully read, reveal the resource possibilities of media discourse. The object of the research is public idioms and nominalisation in news discourse. The research methodology: Analytical-synthetic method made it possible to analyze the latest research in the field of news discourse, which made it possible to expand the idea of the use of discursive practices in foreign media and, accordingly, follow them on the material of domestic news. Discourse analysis provided tools for analyzing the language of the media through the social context in accordance with the communicative goal, based on the linguistic theory as “social semiotics” - the study of the text as a process of formation of the semiotic system due to interests and ideology. Results and discussion. Public idioms play a special role in the analysis of news discourse as markers of a special cultural and ideological field, and syntactic figures of nominalisation, which upon careful reading reveal the resource possibilities of media discourse. Considering the communicative component of news discourse, it should be noted that public idioms and nominalization as unifying and expressive elements can mobilize the audience to action and form a desire for change, activity or response to certain problems, challenges, and draw public attention to certain phenomenon. Conclusions and prospects. News discourse is a special genre, where the accuracy of information transmission limits the practices of manipulation, but at subtle discursive levels media coercion and media control occur at first sight imperceptible, in particular, through the use of public idioms and nominalisation. The proposed approach opens wide opportunities for further research on public idioms and nominalisation in media discourse through ideal, interpersonal and textual functions. The analysis of news discourse should be expanded to include structural, communicative, multimodal and other scientific directions to intensify the convergence of theoretical and methodological attitudes.

Introduction. The issues of contacting languages and cultures do not lose their significance in a modern multilingual and multicultural society. English, representing a means of global communication, is a universal means of communication, uniting representatives for whom English is a non-native language. One of the most accessible ways to obtain information about current events in the world is mass media, as they broadcast information of various kinds and provide readers and viewers with quick access to facts, documents, videos, and audio messages. Methodology and sources . Based on a comparative analysis with British English and the American English, similar and distinctive features of the Nigerian English in the English-speaking Nigerian media discourse were identified. The specific features of the English language Nigerian media discourse are examined using the example of the daily English language Nigerian online newspaper “Vanguard”. Results and discussion . In the article, the most productive types of lexical manifestations functioning in the online newspaper “Vanguard” were identified, forming the properties of the English-speaking Nigerian media discourse, in relation to the British media discourse. It has been established that the most frequent lexical manifestations in the texts of the online newspaper “Vanguard” are abbreviations and acronyms that reflect the most significant social aspects of the Nigerians’ life and represent economic, political, legal, cultural and historical aspects. It is proved that phraseological units are subject to nativization in the English-language media discourse and are part of a group of high-frequency lexical manifestations, reflecting the realities of local languages and cultures. It is noted that the unproductive types of lexical manifestations in the texts of the online newspaper “Vanguard” include borrowings. It has been established that borrowings from the French language are a characteristic feature of the English-speaking Nigerian media discourse, which is associated with the need to maintain economic relations with neighboring francophone countries. Conclusion . The results of the research work indicate that the English-speaking Nigerian media discourse has unique properties formed as a result of the interaction of British English, American English and numerous Nigerian languages and cultures. Functioning in the English-speaking Nigerian media space, English is subject to nativization, including at the lexical level. The influence of autochthonous languages and cultures dominates the norm, which results in abbreviations and phraseological units that have undergone significant transformations function in the texts and video materials of the English-speaking Nigerian media.

With the continuing disparity between male and female mentions in news content, this study seeks to compare how news organizations employ men and women in Twitter feeds and how that connects to portrayals in news stories. In particular, the research examined how mentions of men and women in tweets may influence mentions in news stories that were linked to tweets. The study employed a content analysis of national, regional and local newspaper and television tweets, along with their accompanying news stories to compare media platforms and coverage areas. The results indicated a positive relationship between male and female portrayals in tweets and portrayals in news content. Further, male mentions were more likely to appear in national news stories than in regional or local news stories and more frequently than female mentions in print media than in television. Thus, it appears as if news agencies have not developed new dissemination strategies for employing Twitter.