PHYTOREMEDIATION OF TSS AND TDS FROM LANDFILL LEACHATE BY Equisetum hyemale

This research aims to determine the effect of varying voltage and contact time on reducing levels on Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and ammonia as well as increasing pH values ​​in tofu industrial wastewater by electrocoagulation using Aluminum electrodes. There were 4 variations of voltage (10,20,30,4 0A) and 5 variations of contact time (30,60,90,120,150 minutes). Analysis of COD levels and ammonia levels was carried out using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, analysis of TSS levels gravimetrically using Whatman filter paper No. 42, analysis of TDS levels with gravimetrically, and analysis of pH values ​​by a pH meter. The best results were obtained from treatment at voltage of 40 A and a contact time of 150 minutes with the highest efficiency of reducing COD, TSS, TDS, ammonia levels respectively at 90.35; 92; 66; 85% and the highest increase in pH value was 108%. The results of the diversity analysis or Tukey's advanced test showed that at the 5% level each treatment had a significant effect on reducing COD, TSS, TDS and ammonia levels as well as increasing the pH value. Chemical kinetics analysis of the reduction in COD and TSS levels showed results that were close to first orde linear and obtained R2 and k values ​​respectively of (0.9904; 0.0164); (0.9952; 0.0182) at voltage variation of 40 A

The study parameters: pH, conductivity, salinity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Turbidity, Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of groundwater in a closed industrial landfill, subject to the waste discharges of city of Bacau (East Romania), shows that the water quality of the different sampling points is variable. This difference is noted at the level of conductivity, TDS, turbidity, TSS and COD. These differences, however parameters are substantially higher compared the value of the legislation in groundwater Romania. Salinity remains relatively high at the point of sample P1 (0.7). The pH values are comprising in the range of reference values (6.5 to 7.4). The results also showed very strong correlations (r> 0.8) between Conductivity-Salinity, Conductivity -TDS, Salinity, TDS, Turbidity.-TSS, COD and TSS-Turbidity-COD. The strong correlation (0.5 <r> 0.8) were noted between Turbidity- Conductivity, Turbidity-Salinity, Turbidity, TDS, TSS conductivity, TSS-Salinity, TSS, TDS, COD, conductivity, salinity, COD, COD-TDS. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) also highlighted groundwater mineralization events of this landfill and possible pollution by organic matter

The study parameters: pH, conductivity, salinity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Turbidity, Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of groundwater in a closed industrial landfill, subject to the waste discharges of city of Bacau (East Romania), shows that the water quality of the different sampling points is variable. This difference is noted at the level of conductivity, TDS, turbidity, TSS and COD. These differences, however parameters are substantially higher compared the value of the legislation in groundwater Romania. Salinity remains relatively high at the point of sample P1 (0.7). The pH values are comprising in the range of reference values (6.5 to 7.4). The results also showed very strong correlations (r> 0.8) between Conductivity-Salinity, Conductivity -TDS, Salinity, TDS, Turbidity.-TSS, COD and TSS-Turbidity-COD. The strong correlation (0.5 0.8) were noted between Turbidity- Conductivity, Turbidity-Salinity, Turbidity, TDS, TSS conductivity, TSS-Salinity, TSS, TDS, COD, conductivity, salinity, COD, COD-TDS. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) also highlighted groundwater mineralization events of this landfill and possible pollution by organic matter.

Tofu industrial liquid waste is waste generated in the process of making tofu or when washing soybeans. In Ternate City, North Maluku, tofu waste is generally discharged into the sea; this causes environmental pollution. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of lotus (Nymphaea Firecrest) and water hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) to reduce levels of pollutants TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) and TSS (Total Suspended Solid) in tofu wastewater in the Tofu Industry in Jambula Village by "phytoremediation process." The research method used in this study is the Experiment Method. The sample total used is 30 liters. From the results of this study indicate that the results of the first examination for water hyacinth, TDS 525mg / l and TSS 449mg / l and lotus, TDS 598 mg / l and TSS 421mg / l, for the second examination for water hyacinth, TDS 445mg / l, and TSS 330mg / l and for lotus, TDS 598 mg / l, and TSS 421mg / l, and for the third examination of water hyacinth, TDS 720mg / l, and TSS 311mg / l and for lotus, TDS 600mg / l and TSS 419mg / l. It can conclude that the most effective way to reduce TSS (Total Suspended Solid) and TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) content is by using Water Hyacinth

This study was to determine water quality in shrimps farming through parameters temperature, pH, salinity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Total Dissolve Solid (TDS) [1,8,2]. Databases for all shrimp farms were created Water quality heavily impacts shrimp health, growth, and disease susceptibility. TDS and TSS were determined by gravimetric analysis, and nitrite was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry at 545 nm. Inlets, ponds and outlets were sampled to compare quality differences. The highest temperature (27.9°C) and DO (7.23 mg/L) values were found in the pond, while the inlet had the highest pH (7.54) and salinity (19 psu). TSS (0.055 mg/L) and TDS (20.460 mg/L) were highest in inlet too. The levels of nitrite at the inlet, pond and outlet were an average of 0.0073, 0.0249 and 0.0501 mg/L respectively. Nitrite in shrimp feed was 0.0535±0.0029 mg/L. The analytical parameters for the detection of quercetin were found to have excellent linearity with R² = 0.9959, precision with CV Horwitz ≤10.14%, and accuracy with 90.33–95.04%. The results showed that temperature, pH, salinity, DO, TSS, and TDS levels are suitable and that the acceptable nitrite concentration of the samples fits into the criteria for sustainable shrimp farming

Hawaiian watersheds are small, steep, and receive high intensity rainfall events of non-uniform distribution. These geographic and weather patterns result in flashy streams of strongly variable water quality even within various stream segments. Total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were used to investigate the variability in water quality in the upper part of Manoa Stream in Honolulu, Hawaii. With a few interruptions, water samples were taken on a daily basis between September 2005 and June 2006. The samples were analyzed for TSS and TDS, and varied from almost 0 to 724 and to 302 mg L-1, respectively. During the raining season (October through March) TSS and TDS were more variable, and TSS was higher than in the dry season (April through June). No relation was observed between TSS and TDS and discharge. This may be explained by the heterogeneous rainfall distribution which causes varying contributions from different sources. During one rainfall event TSS and TDS also varied considerably in time. Both TSS and TDS showed increasing trends going downstream suggesting that the urbanized area generates more suspended and dissolved matter than the forested conservation area upstream. However, given the large variability in TSS and TDS, the increasing trend downstream is associated with high uncertainty. The results of this study stress the necessity of recognizing the variability in water quality of small streams for setting up a monitoring strategy, adopting a modeling approach to predict water quality or extrapolating data from limited samples to annual loads in coastal regions.

Introduction: Tenun Cepuk (traditional woven) from Nusa Penida holds great potential as a traditional textile art form, cherished for its intricate patterns and cultural significance. However, the textile industry's wastewater, with its dye-related pollution, presents a significant environmental challenge that needs sustainable solutions. Coconut husk powder exhibits promising potential as an adsorbent for treating dye wastewater from the textile industry. Investigating the interplay between varying thicknesses and contact durations is crucial to maximizing coconut husk powder's adsorption capacity and efficiency for dye wastewater treatment. Method: This study, following an Experimental research design with a Posttest Only Control Group Design, aims to assess the impact of an intervention on the experimental group compared to the control group. Coconut fibers, sourced from Nusa Penida agriculture, serve as the adsorbent. Coconut powder is added to these tanks at thicknesses of 5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm. Subsequently, wastewater samples from the Cepuk weaving process are introduced into each experimental tank, along with a control group. The process is left for 24 and 72 hours as varying contact times. The adsorption results are subjected to analysis for parameters, including total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) at the Panureksa Denpasar Laboratory. Results: The use of coconut husk powder as an adsorbent effectively lowers TDS, TSS, BOD5, and COD in Cepuk textile dye wastewater. The reduction depends on adsorbent thickness and contact time. Thicker adsorbents notably reduce TDS, TSS, BOD5, and COD, enhancing wastewater quality and environmental safety. A 15 cm-thick adsorbent effectively reduces TDS to permissible levels. Prolonged contact times also significantly lower levels. Conclusion: Coconut husk powder can be utilized to decrease TDS, TSS, BOD5, and COD levels in textile dye wastewater. Thickness and contact time significantly impact the enhancement of wastewater quality.

The high growth rate of the laundry industry in Batam resulted in high laundry waste generated. One way to reduce the level of pollution due to laundry waste is by absorption using biosorbent from Sargassum sp. Sargassum sp. made in powder form and activated with chitosan to maximize the absorption rate. The purpose of this study was to see the ability of sargassum sp., in reducing the content of TDS (Total Dissolved Solid), EC (Electrical Conductivity), TSS (Total Suspended Solid), and Phosphate. The method used in this research is the experimental method. Analysis of the data used is descriptive. The results obtained on measurements of pH, TDS, EC, TSS and phosphate, showed that for each measurement there was a decrease in TDS, EC, and TSS after adding sargassum sp. Both activated and not compared with before adding sargassum sp. except in the measurement of phosphate the opposite occurs. For EC the decrease ranged from 34-59%, in the TDS measurement there was a decrease in the range of 14-46%. For the measurement of TSS and phosphate, the reductions ranged from 7-99% and 4-68%, respectively. Based on LHRI Regulation No. 5 of 2014 concerning wastewater quality standards, the highest phosphate level is 2 mg/L, TSS 60 mg/L and pH ranges from 6-9, it means that phosphate and pH still meet the standard while TSS before the addition of biosorbent exceeds the standard but after being added sargassum sp. activated to meet the standard except for the unactivated.

This study aims to process tofu wastewater by using the electrocoagulation method and determine TSS, TDS, and pH efficiency. The Electrocoagulation system was designed based on an electrocoagulation general standard called batch systems. This study used voltage variations of 10, 20, and 30 volts and exposure time during 60, 120, and 180 minutes. The parameters observed were Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), and acidity (pH). This study used fresh tofu wastewater with temperature 40-50oC, with a volume of 2000 ml wastewater in one time of electrocoagulation process. The results showed that the designed electrocoagulation system could reduce TSS concentration until 72.2% and TDS 15.4% and increasing pH approaching the neutral value. However, the concentration value of TSS and TDS was still above the quality standard. Initial characteristics of tofu wastewater with pH 4.6, TSS 2396.4 mg/L, and TDS 2975.1 mg/L after electrocoagulation process gained pH values 6.5, TSS 1072.7 mg/L, and TDS 2621.6 mg/L.

Lake Mead located in the Arizona–Nevada region of the Mohave Dessert is a unique and complex water system whose flow follows that of a warm monomictic lake. Although monomictic lakes experience thermal stratification for almost the entire year with a period of complete mixing, the lake on occasion deviates from this phenomenon, undergoing incomplete turnovers categorized with light stratifications every other year. The prolonged drought and growing anthropogenic activities have the potential to considerably impact the quality of the lake. Lake Mead and by extension the Boulder Basin receive cooler flow from the Colorado River and flow with varying temperatures from the Las Vegas Wash (LVW), which impacts its stratification and complete turnovers. This study analyzes four key water quality parameters (WQPs), namely, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), temperature, and dissolved oxygen (DO), using statistical and spatial analyses to understand their variations in light of the lake stratifications and turnovers to further maintain its overall quality and sustainability. The study also evaluates the impacts of hydrological variables including in and out flows, storage, evaporation, and water surface elevation on the WQPs. The results produced from the analysis show significant levels of TDS, TSS, and temperature from the LVW and Las Vegas Bay regions compared with the Boulder Basin. LVW is the main channel for conveying effluents from several wastewater treatment facilities into the lake. We observed an increase in the levels of TDS, TSS, and temperature water quality in the epilimnion compared with the other layers of the lake. The metalimnion and the hypolimnion layer, however, showed reduced DO due to depletion by algal blooms. We observed statistically significant differences in the WQPs throughout various months, but not in the case for season and year, an indication of relatively consistent variability throughout each season and year. We also observed a no clear trend of influence of outflows and inflows on TDS, temperature, and DO. TSS concentrations in the lake, however, remained constant, irrespective of the inflows and outflows, possibly due to the settling of the sediments and the reservoir capacity.

Laundry waste contains detergent which can cause water pollution because itcontains various kinds of substances that can affect various waterparameters, especially such as TDS (total dissolved solids) and TSS (totalsuspended solids). To reduce these parameters is done by the coagulationprocess which is adding moringa seed powder as coagulant. Moringa seedscan work as a coagulant because they contain an active substance, 4-alfa-4-rhamnosyloxy-benzil-isothiocyanate. The coagulation process was carried outby varying several coagulation parameters such as the size of the coagulantpowder (Al (80-100mesh) and A2 (100mesh), stirring speed (slow, medium,and fast), settling time (15, 45 and 75 minutes) and mass ratio to samplevolume (100 mg against 100, 150 and 200 mL) .The samples used in thecoagulation process were taken by grab sampling technique and thedetermination of TDS and TSS levels was carried out by the gravimetricmethod. The data showed the size of moringa seed powder coagulant, stirringspeed, settling time and coagulant mass ratio with sample volume influencethe% decrease in TDS and TSS levels, optimum conditions on coagulantpowder size> 100 mesh, moderate stirring speed, 15 minute deposition timeand coagulant mass ratio to sample volume 1: 1 ( mg / L), where% decreasein TDS is 74.07% from 270000 mg / L to 70000 mg / L and TSS of 82.14%from 56000 mg / L to 10000 mg / L.

Batik wastewater treatment using PAC (Poly Aluminium Chloride) as a coagulant and organoclay (montmorillonite- polyDADMAC) as flocculants was investigated in this study. The purpose of this study was to analyze the quality of batik wastewater effluent before and after coagulation-flocculation and analyze the effectiveness of organoclay as flocculants of batik wastewater. Organoclay (montmorillonite-polyDADMAC) synthesised by reacting natural bentonite with polyDADMAC 0.4%. Coagulation and flocculation used jar test method with a speed stirring at 120 rpm for 2 minutes and slow stirring at 40 rpm with a variety of types, masses of flocculants and flocculation time. At first, batik wastewater had high levels of TSS and TDS levels. TSS and TDS levels reduced after coagulation-flocculation. Effectiveness of maximum TSS reduced at 99,74% with the addition of organoclay flocculant 2.5 g/L and flocculation time for 80 minutes. Effectiveness of maximum TDS reduced at 93,57% with the addition of organoclay flocculant 2.5 g/L and 60 minutes flocculation.

Lurik cloth is a textile product that is very popular with the public. Its existence boosts the community's economy. However, on the other hand, the process of making lurik cloth produces liquid waste that can damage the environment, ecosystems and is harmful to human health. This study aims to reduce the color intensity in textile industry liquid waste using the electrolysis method to improve the quality of wastewater so that it is suitable for disposal. This study used textile waste from the Lurik industry; Klaten; Central Java as a sample material. The parameters observed were color intensity, pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS). After the electrolysis process, the solution was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively with a UV-Vis Spectrometer and TSS value analysis. The results showed that the electrolysis method was effective in reducing pollution parameters in liquid waste. At a voltage of 15 volts for 90 and 120 minutes, the pH value of the liquid waste decreased to 12.17%. In addition, there was a decrease in TDS and TSS levels. The highest TDS level decreased to 23.16% at a voltage of 15 volts and a contact time of 120 minutes, while TSS decreased by 7.36% under the same conditions. Based on these results, researchers provide practical recommendations to the textile industry in the management of lurik fabric dyeing liquid waste to apply the electrolysis method as a sustainable and environmentally friendly liquid waste processing strategy. Thus, this study is expected to provide a positive contribution in efforts to reduce liquid waste pollution and environmental preservation.

Water treatment is the primary consideration before utilizing water for different purposes. Surface water is highly vulnerable to pollution, either due to natural or anthropogenic processes. The main targets of this study were to investigate surface water treatment using Moringa Oleifera (MO), the electrocoagulation process (EC), and the Moringa Oleifera assisted electrocoagulation process (MOAEC). The Moringa Oleifera, EC process, and Moringa Oleifera-assisted EC process are effective mechanisms for the removal of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand), TDS (Total Dissolved Solids), phosphate, TSS (Total Suspended Solids), and color from surface water. Different operating parameters such as pH (5–11), the dosage of coagulant (0.2–0.5 g), contact time or reaction time (20–50 minutes), current (0.2–0.5 A), and settling time (5–20 minutes) were considered. The maximum removal efficiency using Moringa Oleifera and the EC process was COD (85.48%), BOD (78.50%), TDS (84.5%), phosphate (95.70%), TSS (93.90%), color (94.50%), and COD (90.50%), BOD (87%), TDS (97.50%), phosphate (89.10%), TSS (95.80%), and color (96.15%), respectively. Similarly, with the application of MOAEC, 91.47%, 89.35%, 97.0%, 90.20%, 9.10%, and 95.70% of COD, BOD, TDS, phosphate, TSS, and color were removed, respectively. The EC process and MOAEC were more effective in the removal of COD, BOD, TDS, TSS, and color than using MO. More phosphate was removed using MO than the EC process and MOAEC. Additionally, the effects of different operating parameters were studied on the removal efficiency.

Tamarind seeds can be used as coagulant because they contain protein that have role as polyelectrolytes. Optimum dose of tamarind seeds as coagulant material to reduce turbidity and TSS level in raw water (river water) had been researched previously, which was 1000 mg / L without noticing more on pH of river water that was used during the coagulation process. Furthermore, the purpose of this study was in order to investigate differences in the efficiency of biocoagulant of tamarind seeds in dose of 1000 mg / l for reducing turbidity and TSS level in raw water based on pH treatment. This research was a pre-experimental research with one group pre-posttest design. Subjects in this research were tamarind seeds as coagulant, meanwhile, the object in this research was raw water of Jagir River. This research used three variations of treatment for pH conditions, which were: acidic (pH 4), neutral (pH 7), and alkaline (pH 10) with coagulant doses of tamarind seeds each treatment in 1000 mg / L. Each treatment was replicated 9 times. The data that was obtained in this research was examined by calculating the efficiency in reducing turbidity and TSS levels, paired t-test statistical test, one-way anava test, and probit test. Moreover, result of this research showed that the best efficiency in reducing turbidity and TSS level by using coagulant of tamarind seeds in dose of 1000 mg / l was by treating acidic conditions (pH = 4), thus, it resulted efficiency value in reducing turbidity and TSS level for 94.56% and 83.78%. Result of paired t-test showed that there was a significant difference in the average of turbidity and TSS level before and after treatment. Result of one-way anava test showed that there was a significant difference in the average of efficiency in reducing turbidity and TSS level between treatment of acidic condition (pH = 4) and neutral conditions (pH = 7) and alkaline conditions (pH = 10). Result of probit test showed expectation of efficiency in reducing turbidity and TSS level in 85% and it required optimum pH values in 4.268 (acid) and 3.417 (acid). All in all, old tamarind seeds could be used as tamarind seed powder. Thus, it could be used as a coagulant material in order to purify water that was more efficient relatively and eco friendly. Keywords: pH; coagulant, tamarind seeds; efficiency